“…Additionally, attained SAE of models 1-9 using GBO, IGBO, and other approaches are written in Tables 6-14, respectively. Comparisons of IGBO with other employed approaches in the literature, NR [19], LES [20], PSO [20], ABC [21], DE [22], CS [23], RMO [24], TLBO [26], CSA [27], WOA [28], reveal that IGBO has the minimum SAE. e SAE of GBO are the same as those of IGBO in models 1-3, which have linear, quadratic, and cubic equations; that is, they are either linear or low nonlinear, while IGBO produces SAEs with fewer values in models 4-9 which have high nonlinearity.…”