“…A wide range of MAs have been used to many applications such as expensive optimization problems [38,39], multi-objective or many optimization problems [40][41][42][43], gate resource allocation [44,45], wind speed prediction [46], and scheduling problems [47]. They can also effectively solve unknown parameter of solar cells, including but not limited to, genetic algorithm (GA) [48], particle swarm optimizer (PSO) [49], differential evolution (DE) [50], grey wolf optimization (GWO) [51], Harris hawk optimizer (HHO) [12,52], slime mould algorithm (SMA) [53], cat swarm optimization (CSO) [54], sunflower optimization algorithm (SFO) [55], multi-verse optimizer (MVO) [56], demand response algorithm (DRA) [57], ant lion optimizer (ALO) [58], and firework algorithm (FWA) [59].…”