Parameters affecting incorporation and by-product formation during the production of structured phospholipids by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis in solvent-free system

Optimization of the Synthesis of Structured Phosphatidylcholine with Medium Chain Fatty Acid

“…Previous studies have also reported that elevated temperatures resulted in decreased PC concentration by a concomitant increase in LPC content also by acyl migration and by-product formation 21,39,40 . Meanwhile, Zhao et al 38 observed a slightly higher PC yield at lower temperatures, although they did not observe significant differences in the tested temperature range.…”

“…At first, and as expected for all the treatments evaluated, the content of modified PC increased with reaction time, whereas that of unreacted PC decreased data no shown . Acidolysis is a two-step reaction comprising hydrolysis of native PC to form LPC, and further reesterification of LPC formed in the first step of the reaction to obtain a modified PC with a new fatty acid 21 . HPLC analysis of the reaction products shows how the PC composition changed in the samples taken at different reaction times.…”

“…According to the regression coefficients of the model, enzyme loading had the most significant effect on the production of modified PC. Enzyme loading has a significant effect on the acidolysis reaction not only because it influences reaction yield but it can also cause problems with agitation, especially when a solvent-free system is used in phospholipid modification 21,36 . Analysis of Fig.…”

“…This interesterification reaction is a two-step reaction involving hydrolysis and further esterification. However, the formation of by-products, due to parallel hydrolysis reactions and acyl migration, is a serious problem in the reaction system and as consequence the yield of the acidolysis reaction is decreased 21 .…”

Use of immobilized phospholipase A1-catalyzed acidolysis for the production of structured phosphatidylcholine with an elevated conjugated linoleic acid content

“…Several studies and reviews have been published concerning the modification of PL using physical, chemical and enzymatic methods (Joshi et al, 2006;Guo et al, 2005;Vikbjerg et al, 2005;Adlercreutz et al, 2002;Lilja-Hallberg and Härröd, 1995;Mutua and Akoh, 1993;Van Nieuwenhuyzen, 1981). Specific reports concerning the incorporation of n-3 FA in PL have been published by Kim et al (2010), García et al (2008), Kim et al (2007), Vikbjerg et al (2007), Peng et al (2002), Haraldsson and Thorarensen (1999), Hosokawa et al (1998) and Totani and Hara (1991).…”