Parameters of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Vaccination of Pigs with a European Modified-Live Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

Sipos, Wolfgang; Duvigneau, J. Catharina; Pietschmann, Péter; Höller, Kurt; Hartl, Romana T.; Wahl, Katharina; Steinborn, Ralf; Gemeiner, Manfred; Willheim, Martin; Schmoll, F.

doi:10.1089/088282403322396136

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, the percentage of CD4CD8α double positive extrathymic Th cells is also increased in older animals. Consequently, the ratio of naïve Th cells to memory Th cells in 4-week-old piglets of the Large White breed was 1:0.6 (Sipos et al, 2003), whereas the corresponding ratio in the multiparous sows of our study was 1:3.1. Also, the ratio of CTLs increased markedly.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Sipos

Duvigneau

Hartl

et al. 2011

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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There is significant lack of basic hematologic and immunological data in adult sows. Therefore, aim of this study was to provide respective reference intervals. 32 clinically healthy multiparous Large White sows aged 33.5 ± 9.6 months and all of them two months postpartum were included in this study. Mean erythrocyte count was 5.5 ± 0.7 × 106/μl and total leukocyte count was 12.1 ± 2.1 × 103/μl. Proportion of lymphocytes was 44.7 ± 10.2% and of neutrophils 41.6 ± 11.0%. The ratio of naïve T helper (Th) cells to memory Th cells was 1:3.1 and the ratio of Th cells to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) was 1:4.2. Proportions of regulatory T cells, NK cells, and CD21+ B cells were lower (3.1, 2.6, and 6.0%) than those of memory Th cells ranging from 8.8 to 27.5% depending on the activation status and CTLs with 37.3%. γδ T cells were found at comparably high numbers (19.1%). Flow cytometric measurement of intracellular cytokines in PBMCs revealed marginal levels for IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p35, but remarkable levels for TNF-α and IFN-γ. Highest mRNA levels were found for IL-1, IL-10, and TNF-α, with TNF-α showing the least inter-individual variation.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Sipos

Duvigneau

Hartl

et al. 2011

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…Macrophages and other monocytes may be responsible for TNF-a production. A demonstrable increase in TNF-a mRNA was evident in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in lung tissue for 10 d PI and in alveolar macrophages for 7 d PI (Choi et al, 2001;Sipos et al, 2003). So far, there has not been much information about the serum concentrations of TNF-a in PRRSVinfected pigs, but the increased mRNA expression of TNF-a reported earlier, together with the augmented concentration of serum TNF-a observed in this study, appeared to support the involvement of this cytokine during the early immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannan oligosaccharide improves immune responses and growth efficiency of nursery pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus1,2

Tung

Johnson

Kelley

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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This study was conducted to determine whether the ingestion of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS, Bio-Mos) alters the immune response of nursery pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A total of 64 pigs (3 wk old), free of PRRSV, were used in 2 separate but similar experiments conducted sequentially. Pigs were blocked by initial BW. Sex and ancestry were equalized across treatments. Pigs were randomly assigned from within blocks to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [2 types of diet: control (0%) and MOS addition (0.2%); 2 levels of PRRSV: with and without]. There were 8 replicate chambers of 2 pigs each. After 2 wk of a 4-wk period of feeding the treatments, pigs were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV or a sterile medium at 5 wk of age. The PRRSV challenge decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F throughout the experiment (P < 0.001). Feeding MOS improved G:F of the pigs during d 7 to 14 (P=0.041) postinfection (PI). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin were increased by PRRSV (P < 0.001). The MOS × PRRSV interaction was significant for TNF-α at d 14 PI (P=0.028), suggesting that infected pigs fed MOS had less TNF-α than those fed the control. Dietary MOS increased serum IL-10 at d 14 PI (P=0.036). Further, MOS-fed pigs had greater numbers of white blood cells (WBC) at d 3 (P=0.048) and 7 PI (P=0.042) and lymphocytes at d 7 PI (P=0.023) than control-fed pigs. In contrast, PRRSV decreased (P < 0.01) WBC numbers until d 14 PI. Dietary MOS appeared (P=0.060) to increase the neutrophils in PRRSV-infected pigs at d 3 PI, but no (P=0.202) MOS × PRRSV interaction was found. Infection with PRRSV increased rectal temperature (RT) of pigs at d 3 PI (P < 0.001) and continued to affect the infected pigs fed the control diet until d 14 PI. The MOS × PRRSV interaction for RT was found at d 7 (P < 0.01) and 10 (P=0.098) PI, indicating that the infected pigs fed MOS had a decreased RT compared with those fed the control. This could explain why feed efficiency was improved by MOS. No effect (P > 0.05) of treatments on viremia or PRRSV-specific antibody was observed. These results suggest that MOS is associated with rapidly increased numbers of WBC at the early stage of infection and alleviates PRRSV-induced effects on G:F and fever. The results also indicate that the reduced intensity of inflammation by MOS may be related to changes in inflammatory mediator levels at the end of the acute phase.

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“…Total RNA was suspended in ultrapure water and quantified by means of UV spectrophotometry. Synthesis of cDNA and PCR were performed as described elsewhere (Sipos et al., 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Cytokine Pattern of Porcine Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells Treated with 1α,25(OH)₂D₃

Sipos

Duvigneau

Schmoll

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The biologically active form of vitamine D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)] has recently been described not only to influence bone metabolism but also to exert immunomodulating activities, which may have an impact on bone formation/resorption as well. In this study, we analysed the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the cytokine pattern of porcine bone marrow-derived cells from piglets aged 1-3 weeks. After culture for 1 week, the number of osteoclasts was determined, with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, multinucleated cells being considered osteoclasts. Cultured bone marrow cell-derived mRNA was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR specific for a panel of porcine cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha). In addition, an immunofluorescence analysis using anti-porcine mAbs specific for IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma was performed. In order to prove the existence of a porcine homologue of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) bone marrow cell- as well as porcine white blood cell-derived mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR using primer pairs specific for murine RANKL. Cell culture supernatant was analysed for soluble RANKL by means of an ELISA designed for quantification of human RANKL. By means of RT-PCR, expression of IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA could be found in cells cultured with and without 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were produced by both stromal cells and osteoclasts. Besides its known osteoclastogenic effects, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) tended to downregulate the respective cytokines, but significantly upregulated RANKL expression. The homology between the porcine RANKL-specific sequence and the corresponding human RANKL sequence was 79%. The data found support the idea that porcine bone marrow cell cultures may provide a suitable alternative to murine systems in human osteological research.

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Parameters of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Vaccination of Pigs with a European Modified-Live Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Mannan oligosaccharide improves immune responses and growth efficiency of nursery pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus1,2

Characterization of the Cytokine Pattern of Porcine Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells Treated with 1α,25(OH)₂D₃

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Parameters of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Vaccination of Pigs with a European Modified-Live Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Exploratory reference intervals on hematology and cellular immune system of multiparous Large White sows

Mannan oligosaccharide improves immune responses and growth efficiency of nursery pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus1,2

Characterization of the Cytokine Pattern of Porcine Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells Treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3

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Characterization of the Cytokine Pattern of Porcine Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells Treated with 1α,25(OH)₂D₃