Parameters of the P300 auditory evoked potential and autonomic heart rate regulation in adolescents residing in different climatic and geographical conditions of Russia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The formation of physiological functions and the development of the body occur against the background of adaptation to environmental conditions. The main activity of schoolchildren aged 16-17 is studying, which is associated with processing and memorizing a large amount of various kinds of information, therefore, the assessment of the auditory evoked potential of P300, reflecting neurophysiological correlates of cognitive functions, such as attention and memory, in connection with the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm in young people living in the northern and southern regions of Russia is relevant.
 AIM: To evaluate the components of the auditory evoked potential P300 and N2, parameters of heart rate variability in practically healthy young people aged 16-17 years living in different climatic and geographical conditions of Russia.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved young people aged 16-17 (n = 156) from Arkhangelsk (6433ʹ s. s.), Nadym (6532ʹ s. s.) and Simferopol (4457ʹ s. s.). The assessment of the autonomic nervous system was carried out according to the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) on the agro-industrial complex "Varikard". Registration of P300 and N2 components was carried out on the Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia), using the oddball paradigm.
 RESULTS: The predominance of sympathetic nervous system activity in the regulation of heart rhythm and the lengthening of N2 latency was revealed in young people of the city of Nadym. In young people of Arkhangelsk and Simferopol, there were no differences in the parameters of HRV and components of the auditory evoked potential of p300. Interhemispheric asymmetry of N2 latency was observed in young people of Arkhangelsk, where the time is shorter in the central (C4, p=0.04) and anterior temporal (F8, p=0.01) sections on the right.
 CONCLUSIONS: The imbalance of the autonomic nervous system towards the predominance of sympathetic influences in the regulation of heart rhythm is reflected in slower recognition and differentiation of the sound signal.