Abstract:This paper aims to build the finite element model of the composite sinusoidal specimens and to carry out the parametric analysis. In this paper, the damage behaviour and the energy-absorbing results of composite sinusoidal specimens have been studied by quasi-static crushing experiments. The failure mechanisms of specimens under quasi-static crushing is further analysed. A numerical simulation has been performed by using the finite element model code LS-DYNA. The numerical results, in terms of load -displaceme… Show more
“…The constant crushing speed is 5 mm/min, and the actuator displacement and load are recorded during the tests. 29,30 Figure 22.Schematic of test set-up.…”
Section: Thin-walled Structures and Experimental Methods Descriptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The top side of all composite laminated thin-walled structures are machined with a single-side 45 outer chamfer. 29,30 Quasi-static crushing experiment…”
Section: Thin-walled Structures and Experimental Methods Description mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the impact or crash events, the thin-walled energy-absorbing structures can often be used to absorb the more impact kinetic energy and to guarantee the occupants' safety through the crashworthy design, which can play the major roles in automobile or aerospace application. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Various thin-walled energyabsorbing structures have been designed and researched, such as circular tubes, [9][10][11][12][13][14] square tubes, [15][16][17][18] flat plates, 19,20 conical shells, 21,22 C channels, [23][24][25][26][27] I-shaped cross-section structures 28 and sinusoidal specimens, [29][30][31][32] etc. Compared with the metal thin-walled structures, the composite thin-walled energy-absorbing structures have been widely used because of the advantages of higher specific strength, higher specific stiffness, and higher specific energy absorption (SEA), which can absorb a large amount of impact kinetic energy in the controlled progressive failure modes during the impact or crash event.…”
To research the failure of carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminated specimens, the tensile tests and compressive tests were conducted for [90]16 and [0]16 specimens, and the shear tests were conducted for [±45]4s specimens, and the microscopic failure mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To research the failure and energy absorption of different thin-walled structures with different layups, the quasi-static axial crushing tests were conducted for [±45/0/0/90/0]s and [0/90]3s circular tubes, [0/90]3s and [±45]3s square tubes, [0/90]4s and [±45]4s sinusoidal specimens, and the internal failure were further investigated by 3D X-ray scan. Based on the load-displacement curves, the energy absorptions were evaluated and compared according to specific energy absorption and peak crushing force, and the relationships between failure modes and specific energy absorption, peak crushing force were further researched. The results show that the macroscopic failure modes are the collective results of varieties of microscopic failure mechanisms, such as fiber fracture, matrix deformation and cracking, interlamination and intralamination cracks, cracks propagation, etc. The [±45/0/0/90/0]s circular tube shows the transverse shearing failure mode with high specific energy absorption. The [±45]3s square tube and [±45]3s sinusoidal specimen show the local buckling failure mode with low specific energy absorption. The [0/90]4s sinusoidal specimen, [0/90]3s circular tube, and [0/90]3s square tube show the lamina bending failure mode with medium specific energy absorption. The failure mode of thin-walled structure can be changed by reasonable layups design, and the energy absorption can further be improved.
“…The constant crushing speed is 5 mm/min, and the actuator displacement and load are recorded during the tests. 29,30 Figure 22.Schematic of test set-up.…”
Section: Thin-walled Structures and Experimental Methods Descriptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The top side of all composite laminated thin-walled structures are machined with a single-side 45 outer chamfer. 29,30 Quasi-static crushing experiment…”
Section: Thin-walled Structures and Experimental Methods Description mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the impact or crash events, the thin-walled energy-absorbing structures can often be used to absorb the more impact kinetic energy and to guarantee the occupants' safety through the crashworthy design, which can play the major roles in automobile or aerospace application. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Various thin-walled energyabsorbing structures have been designed and researched, such as circular tubes, [9][10][11][12][13][14] square tubes, [15][16][17][18] flat plates, 19,20 conical shells, 21,22 C channels, [23][24][25][26][27] I-shaped cross-section structures 28 and sinusoidal specimens, [29][30][31][32] etc. Compared with the metal thin-walled structures, the composite thin-walled energy-absorbing structures have been widely used because of the advantages of higher specific strength, higher specific stiffness, and higher specific energy absorption (SEA), which can absorb a large amount of impact kinetic energy in the controlled progressive failure modes during the impact or crash event.…”
To research the failure of carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminated specimens, the tensile tests and compressive tests were conducted for [90]16 and [0]16 specimens, and the shear tests were conducted for [±45]4s specimens, and the microscopic failure mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To research the failure and energy absorption of different thin-walled structures with different layups, the quasi-static axial crushing tests were conducted for [±45/0/0/90/0]s and [0/90]3s circular tubes, [0/90]3s and [±45]3s square tubes, [0/90]4s and [±45]4s sinusoidal specimens, and the internal failure were further investigated by 3D X-ray scan. Based on the load-displacement curves, the energy absorptions were evaluated and compared according to specific energy absorption and peak crushing force, and the relationships between failure modes and specific energy absorption, peak crushing force were further researched. The results show that the macroscopic failure modes are the collective results of varieties of microscopic failure mechanisms, such as fiber fracture, matrix deformation and cracking, interlamination and intralamination cracks, cracks propagation, etc. The [±45/0/0/90/0]s circular tube shows the transverse shearing failure mode with high specific energy absorption. The [±45]3s square tube and [±45]3s sinusoidal specimen show the local buckling failure mode with low specific energy absorption. The [0/90]4s sinusoidal specimen, [0/90]3s circular tube, and [0/90]3s square tube show the lamina bending failure mode with medium specific energy absorption. The failure mode of thin-walled structure can be changed by reasonable layups design, and the energy absorption can further be improved.
“…The impact response characteristics, failure modes and mechanical behaviors of composite structures under the impact conditions are significantly different from metal structures; understanding the energy-absorbing characteristics/energy-dissipating mechanism is the premise of designing and verifying of composite structures. In recent years, based on the combined experimental and simulation methods, the aircraft-type design groups (such as the Boeing Company and the Airbus Company), the airworthiness certification departments (such as the Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Safety Agency), the research institutes and universities have widely studied the failure modes and energy-absorbing characteristics of composite structures, such as circular tubes, 6–9 square tubes, 10–12 corrugated plates, 13–15 conical shells, 16,17 composite reinforced aluminum tubes, 18 and filled structures. 19,20 At the same time, the factors such as trigger, 21–23 geometric features, 24–26 mechanical properties of fiber and matrix 27 as well as layup 28,29 have also been studied.…”
To analyze the failure mechanism and energy-absorbing characteristics of composite thin-walled C-channels subject to the low-speed axial compression, 12 groups of T700/MTM28 specimens with three different layer numbers and four different layups were fabricated and tested. The failure modes and load–displacement curves were observed, and then the effects of layer numbers and layups on failure mechanism and energy-absorbing characteristics were further analyzed based on the crashworthiness indicators, such as peak crushing force (Fmax), mean crushing force (Fmean), specific energy absorption (SEA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE). The results show that for the C-channels with 0° ply, overall instability occurs, which results in a reduction of SEA. The C-channels with 0°/90° ply, ± 45° ply and 45°/90°/−45°/0° ply exhibit the stable progressive crushing progress with the local buckling failure mode, consisting of local buckling, fiber breakage, matrix cracks, delamination and corner cracking. Besides, the SEA of C-channels with 45°/90°/−45°/0° ply increases with the increasing of layer numbers, and the C-channels with 45°/90°/−45°/0° ply have greater potential for the design and application of energy-absorbing structures.
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