Parametric analysis of simultaneous humidification and cooling for PEMFCs using direct water injection method

Choi, Eun Jung; Hwang, Seong-Hoon; Park, Jin Young; Kim, Min Soo

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.201

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, it requires a humidification system on top of the cooling system . As a result, evaporative cooling has received a lot of attention : by evaporating water within the fuel cell, it simultaneously provides cooling and humidification, which removes the need for costly external humidifiers. Additionally, thanks to the high latent heat of vaporization of water, a smaller mass flow rate of liquid water than with a convection‐cooled system is needed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Concept for Evaporative Cooling of Fuel Cells: an Experimental Study Based on Neutron Imaging

et al. 2018

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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), although a promising technology for carbon free production of electricity, are penalized by system complexity, partly due to cooling and humidifying systems. These systems are necessary to avoid the heating up and drying of the membrane, which stop the electrochemical reaction. Here, we present an evaporative cooling concept for PEFC developed at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). Unlike other concepts, our approach does not require any additional layer in the cell structure. Water flows through dedicated anode flowfield channels, parallel to the gas channels, and is distributed over the cell area thanks to a modified gas diffusion layer (GDL). A synthesis method developed at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) transforms some portions of the GDL into hydrophilic patterns, which wick the water from the supply channels at low capillary pressure. These hydrophilic areas, parallel and equally spaced, define pathways for liquid water separated from the gases, which avoids flooding. A test cell was built to investigate both water transport with the help of neutron radiography and heat transport thanks to integrated heat flux sensors. Here, we will present how the evaporation can be controlled by the mass flow rates, temperatures, pressures of gases, and the geometry of the hydrophilic lines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have come up with different solutions. Several authors have used direct water injection by nebulizing water into the gas streams , . This method is extremely simple but is penalized by the high energy consumption for nebulization and the lack of control on where the evaporation takes place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Concept for Evaporative Cooling of Fuel Cells: an Experimental Study Based on Neutron Imaging

et al. 2018

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“…17 (b). Also investigated is the effect of various operating parameters like injection water temperature, operating pressure and cathode RH in order to determine the optimal operating conditions [86].…”

Section: Direct Water Injection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

et al. 2018

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are promising power sources because of their advantage such as high efficiency, zero emission and low operating temperature. Water management is one of the critical issues for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and has received significant attention. The membrane within the cells needs to stay in hydrated state to have high ion conductivity and durability, which requires proper humidification. Both internal and external methods have been utilized to humidify the polymer electrolyte membrane. Numerous studies on fuel cell humidification have been conducted in the past decades, especially in recent years. This review aims to summarize the main humidification methods and the related studies. The internal humidification methods are classified as physical methods and chemical methods. The external humidification methods include gas bubbling humidification, direct water injection, enthalpy wheel humidification, membrane humidifiers, and exhaust gas recirculation. The working principle and performance of

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“…In general, a liquid (typically water) is injected into the fuel cell which evaporates and thereby cools the cell. Published and patented concepts include water injection into the gas supply [17][18][19][20], porous bipolar plates or flow fields [21][22][23][24][25], as well as into additional layers or devices [26][27][28][29]. All concepts have in common that the stack and/or system complexity is increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experimental studies have been conducted at cell, stack and system levels. Choi et al [17] as well as Hwang and Kim [18] studied the effect of liquid water injection into the air stream supplied to the cathode. They analyzed a cathode humidification and evaporative cooling system using an external-mixing air-assist atomizer and showed that the direct water injection method was effective for cathode humidification and stack cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model based investigation of evaporative cooling for polymer electrolyte fuel cells – Stack level analysis

Striednig

Boillat

Schmidt

et al. 2022

Journal of Power Sources

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Parametric analysis of simultaneous humidification and cooling for PEMFCs using direct water injection method

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Novel Concept for Evaporative Cooling of Fuel Cells: an Experimental Study Based on Neutron Imaging

Novel Concept for Evaporative Cooling of Fuel Cells: an Experimental Study Based on Neutron Imaging

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

A model based investigation of evaporative cooling for polymer electrolyte fuel cells – Stack level analysis

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