Parametric analysis of thermal behavior during selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy powder

Li, Yali; Gu, Dongdong

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.006

Cited by 629 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This further demonstrates that the SLM process leads to an improvement in the mechanical properties of a material, which is caused by the refined microstructure in the SLM state [9,10,12,25,26]. Meanwhile, Gu et al [11] reported that the nanoindentation hardness of H13 fabricated by a laser cladding process (9 ± 2 GPa) is similar to the hardness values of H13 produced by SLM at scanning speeds lower than 400 mm/s, as the nanoindentation strain rate is 0.1 s −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This effectively improves the wettability and metallurgical bonding between the adjacent scan tracks or layers, leading to fewer pores with smaller size. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the SLM H13 obtained at a scanning speed of higher than 200 mm/s may stem from insufficient laser energy to melt powder materials within the melt pool [25,26]. Specifically, as the scanning speed increases, the laser energy decreases, leading to a decrease in the laser energy penetration on the powder bed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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This paper demonstrates the successful printing of H13 tool steel by a selective laser melting (SLM) method at a scan laser speed of 200 mm/s for the best microstructure and mechanical behavior. Specifically, the nanoindentation strain-rate sensitivity values were 0.022, 0.019, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.035 for SLM H13 at laser scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mm/s, respectively. This showed that the hardness increases as the strain rate increases and, practically, the hardness values of the SLM H13 at the 200 mm/s laser scan speed are the highest and least sensitive to the strain rate as compared to H13 samples at other scan speeds. The SLM processing of this material at 200 mm/s laser scan speed therefore shows the highest potential for advanced tool design. Residual stress is expected to affect the hardness and shall be investigated in future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…This may have resulted from the different solidi cation and cooling rate of a melt pool in the SLM process, which are largely dependent on the thermal gradient in the laser scan direction [35][36][37] . As reported by Li and Gu 38) , higher laser energy yields a high temperature and long life time of the molten pool, which gives rise to a large amount of liquid formation, and therefore it can be expected to produce smaller thermal gradient and slower cooling rate. As a consequent, this thermal behavior under high E could be detrimental to the re nement of microstructure and resultant mechanical properties of the nal component.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Densification Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting by Variation in Laser Energy Density

et al. 2016

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive manufacturing technique for the production of metal parts with complex geometries and high performance. This manufacturing process is characterized by highly localized laser energy inputs during short interaction times which signicantly affect the densi cation process. In this present work, experimental investigation of fabricating 316L stainless steel parts by SLM process was conducted to determine the effect of different laser energy densities on the densi cation behavior and resultant microstructural development. It was found that using a low laser energy density below 50 J/mm 3 produced an instable melt pool that resulted in the formation of unmelted particles, pores, cracks, and balling in the as-built parts with low densi cation. In contrast, the as-built parts at a high energy density above 200 J/mm 3 showed irregular scan tracks with a number of pores and metal balls that decreased part density. The optimal laser energy density range was accordingly determined to be 58-200 J/mm 3 by eliminating obvious SLM defects, which led to near full densi cation. The SLM samples fabricated using optimal parameters allowed observation of a microhardness of 280 Hv, ultimate strength of 570 MPa, and yield strength of 530 MPa that were higher than those of the as-cast and wrought 316L stainless steel.

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“…The molten pool formed, acquires the shape of a circular or segmental cylinder under the effect of surface tension [37]. Extremely short interaction time between the laser beam and the powder bed results in the formation of a transient temperature field with a high temperature up to 10 5 • C and a significant rapid quenching effect with very high cooling rates up to 10 6-8 • C/s [38]. Rapid solidification may cause development of non-equilibrium metallurgical phenomena such as microstructural refinement, solid solution hardening and the formation of metastable phases, which can have a substantial effect in improving the resultant mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the laser processed materials [39,40].…”

Section: Selective Laser Melting (Slm) Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy Powders: A Review

Manakari

Parande

Gupta

2016

Metals

190

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Magnesium-based materials are used primarily in developing lightweight structures owing to their lower density. Further, being biocompatible they offer potential for use as bioresorbable materials for degradable bone replacement implants. The design and manufacture of complex shaped components made of magnesium with good quality are in high demand in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical areas. Selective laser melting (SLM) is becoming a powerful additive manufacturing technology, enabling the manufacture of customized, complex metallic designs. This article reviews the recent progress in the SLM of magnesium based materials. Effects of SLM process parameters and powder properties on the processing and densification of the magnesium alloys are discussed in detail. The microstructure and metallurgical defects encountered in the SLM processed parts are described. Applications of SLM for potential biomedical applications in magnesium alloys are also addressed. Finally, the paper summarizes the findings from this review together with some proposed future challenges for advancing the knowledge in the SLM processing of magnesium alloy powders.

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Parametric analysis of thermal behavior during selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy powder

Cited by 629 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Densification Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting by Variation in Laser Energy Density

Selective Laser Melting of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy Powders: A Review

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