Parametric Analysis on Boil-Off Gas Rate inside Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tank

Zakaria, Mohamad Shukri; Osman, Kahar; Yusof, Ahmad Anas; Hanafi, Mohamad Hafidzal Mohd; Saadun, Mohd Noor Asril; Manaf, Muhammad Zaidan Abdul

doi:10.15282/jmes.6.2014.10.0080

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Figure 8 plots the Q -values and BORs (at t st = 96 h) calculated according to the expression uniquely proposed in Refs. [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]. The Cryogel ® Z insulator, ensuring a heat exchange about 7% lower than the perlite + vacuum counterpart, establishes lower BOR , thus demonstrating better thermal insulation performance in cryogenic storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BOR is estimated by using Equation (6) in accordance with the well-recognized expression used in the framework design of the LNG cryogenic system [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]:

where Q represents the total heat flux that penetrates the cryogenic tank, Δ H is the vaporization latent heat of LNG (5.1 × 10 5 J/kg), V is the cargo capacity (50 m 3 ), and ρ LNG is the LNG density (468.1 kg/m 3 ). This indicator represents an estimation of the quantity of evaporated cargo presented as a loss of the total volume of liquid cargo during a single day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerogel Technology for Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Tanks—Numerical Analysis for Comparison with Traditional Insulating Materials

Sambucci

Savoni

Valente

2023

Gels

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The traditional choice of insulation material for liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation with cryogenic tankers is the back-filled perlite-based system. However, aiming to further cut down the insulation cost, spare additional arrangement space, and provide safety in installation and maintenance, the requirement of looking for alternative materials still exists. Fiber-reinforced aerogel blankets (FRABs) could represent good candidates in designing insulation layers for LNG cryogenic storage because of their ability to ensure adequate thermal performance without the need to create deep vacuum conditions in the annular space of the tank. In this work, a finite element method (FEM) model was developed to study the thermal insulation performance of a commercial FRAB (Cryogel ® Z) for application in cryogenic storage/transport LNG tanks, comparing it with the performance of traditional perlite-based systems. Within the reliability limits of the computational model, the analysis proved that FRAB insulation technology gave encouraging results and might be potentially scalable for transporting cryogenic liquid. In addition to demonstrating superior performance in terms of thermal insulating efficiency and boil-off rate over the perlite-based system, as far as a perspective of cost savings and space gain, FRAB technology allows for higher levels of insulation without vacuum and with lower thickness of the outer shell, which is therefore beneficial for storing more material and lightening the weight of the LNG transportation semitrailer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BOR is estimated by using Equation (6) in accordance with the well-recognized expression used in the framework design of the LNG cryogenic system [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]:

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerogel Technology for Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Tanks—Numerical Analysis for Comparison with Traditional Insulating Materials

Sambucci

Savoni

Valente

2023

Gels

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“…This job was carried out using ANSYS software, and the findings were compared to those received from the reviewed article. The application of the software in simulating engineering problems was extensively done by Basri et al, [13] and Zakaria et al, [14]. SOLIDWORKS software will be used to create a 3D model of the SEC and several conductive ink patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Plastic-Strain Analysis of Copper Stretchable Electronic Circuit Using Finite Element Analysis

Azli

Zakaria²,

Ramli³

et al. 2023

ARASET

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Nowadays, demand for the stretchable electronic circuit (SEC) innovative technology is promising in various industries such as biology, advanced robotics, and defense due to their ability to endure enormous amounts of energy and have a wide range of tensile capabilities. However, reliable data regarding mechanical characteristics are still sparse due to the percolation nature of the material, which requires its fillers to be connected to one another at all times in order to conduct electricity. To address these issues, the present work opted a finite element analysis (FEA) model that will depict the behaviour of plastic strain on a variety of stretchy conductive ink designs. SEC ink models were created using CAD modeling software and loaded into ANSYS software for finite element analysis (FEA). Behaviors of six different SEC patterns under various longitudinal and lateral stretching conditions were analyzed using the equivalent plastic strain level possessed. Another perspective of the study was to evaluate the impact of expanding the width and thickness of the ink pattern toward the development of the equivalent plastic strain. The result shows that the U-shape SEC pattern had the lowest equivalent plastic strain, with εp= 0.033611 for the longitudinal load and εp= 0.014648 for the lateral load.

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“…Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is propane, butane, iso-butane, or mixtures of these gases, which are extracted from natural gas production fields or produced during the refining of petroleum (crude oil). LPG is stored and transported in steel cylindrical tanks as liquid under sufficiently high pressure [1]. To allow for thermal expansion, these tanks are typically filled to between 80% and 85% of their capacity [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of safety and economic impact of boil-off-gas in LPG storage tanks

Princewill,

Ubasom,

David

2023

AET

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This study was carried out to assess the effect of boil-off gas (BOG) on the safety and economic effectiveness of LPG storage tanks. It includes analysis of the thermodynamic properties of LPG; heat absorbed from ambient air by the storage tank that leaks into the LPG, and consequently generates boil-off gas in the supply chain, by utilizing appropriate thermodynamic and heat transfer equations. Analyzing the heat leakage required the estimations of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the ambient air in the supply location and the LPG supply chain, which amounted to 3335.9W/m2K and 21.058W/m2K, respectively, in the system under study. Analyzing the thermodynamic properties, such as specific volume, entropy, and enthalpy of the LPG, shows that the entropy of LPG in the storage tank is negative, which suggests an endothermic process, validating that heat is added to the system from the surroundings. The heat absorbed in the LPG from the ambient air by the storage tank amounted to 1.785kW. The boil-off generation rate due to the storage tank heat leakage was 0.0049kg/s, which translates to a cost equivalent loss of 0.0069$/s at an LPG selling price of 1.42$/kg. It was recommended that maintenance of insulation and other external factors such as wind speed, solar radiation, ambient temperature, and thermal conductivity of the storage tank material are key factors in minimizing the heat leaks into LPG; hence BOG generation, which is of utmost importance in ensuring safety and economic loss in the LPG supply chain.

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Parametric Analysis on Boil-Off Gas Rate inside Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tank

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Aerogel Technology for Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Tanks—Numerical Analysis for Comparison with Traditional Insulating Materials

Aerogel Technology for Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Tanks—Numerical Analysis for Comparison with Traditional Insulating Materials

Equivalent Plastic-Strain Analysis of Copper Stretchable Electronic Circuit Using Finite Element Analysis

Assessment of safety and economic impact of boil-off-gas in LPG storage tanks

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