Parametric optimization of explosive welding process on nickel-titanium alloys

Martensitic stainless steels find less application in commercial products as they have high hardness, strength, and wear resistance. It lacks in ductility and exhibits moderate corrosion resistance compared to other stainless steels. As a result, annealing process were been used to strengthen the ductility and maintain stability in hardness of martensitic stainless steel material. AISI 410 was chosen for this research work and the samples were made to cylindrical shape for the following dimensions: 50 mm length and 08 mm diameter. The specimens were annealed at temperatures of 730°C, 830°C, and 930°C. The untreated material is kept aside for results comparison. All specimens were subjected to wear test using a pin on disc wear test apparatus. All the specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope for the surface morphological changes. The outcomes were compared and the best specimen for the required application was chosen. It was discovered that there was a phase change from the martensite stage to the residual austenite stage.**

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Wear Properties on Treated AISI 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Annealing Process

Saravanan

Rahul

Mahatme³

et al. 2023

“…Annealing is a heat treatment process used to alter the microstructure of a hardened material, in order to achieve specific mechanical, electrical, or other material properties. In the case of AISI 431 stainless steel, which is a martensitic stainless steel often used in applications where corrosion resistance and moderate strength are required, annealing plays a significant role in tailoring its properties [19][20][21][22]. To achieve maximum softness and ductility, the steel is heated to a temperature above its critical temperature around 723-840°C, held several hours and cooled in furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Wear Behaviour on AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Vacuum Annealing Process

Subbiah,

Kumar,

Sateesh

et al. 2023

In the research work, AISI 431 grade stainless steel were chosen to investigate the effects of vacuum annealing processes on reducing hardness and enhancing ductility. Although stainless steel of martensitic type are well known for their high hardness, wear resistance and they have limited applications due to high hardness properties. Chosen for this research work, vacuum annealing were carried out to temperatures of 740°C, 840°C and 940°C. The samples were prepared cylindrically to a dimension of 40 mm length and 10 mm diameter. An untreated material was kept aside for comparison.Vacuum annealing involves heating the material in a controlled environment to eliminate impurities and relieve internal stresses, resulting in reduced hardness and improved ductility. To evaluate the effect of wear on annealed material, a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus were used. The wear behavior of the annealed specimens were compared to the untreated material. It includes both the treated and untreated samples, were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain images of microstructure. The results of this research work contribute to the understanding of the annealing effects on martensitic stainless steels and provide insights into optimizing their properties for specific applications.

“…As the content of nitrogen is present in the molten salt environment, the alloying elements plays a major role and a high hardened surface comprised with iron-nitride and chromium nitride were formed. The conventional salt bath nitriding processes were carried out at 650 °C and Chromium nitrides were precipitated on the surface [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Salt Bath Nitriding Process on AISI 309 Stainless Steel

Madeva Naik,

Mahatme,

Iyyappan

et al. 2023

AISI309 stainless steel is a type of austenitic stainless steel that contains a high percentage of chromium and nickel, along with a small amount of manganese. It is designed to be used in high-temperature applications, such as in furnace parts and heat exchangers. Low temperature salt bath nitriding process was carried out on AISI 309 stainless steel at 550°C for time duration of 80, 160 and 240 minutes. The characteristics of the nitride surface were thoroughly assessed. The microstructure and phase components of the nitrided surface revealed a hardened layer of chromium nitride and iron nitride on the specimen surface. The case depth and the surface hardness were strongly influenced by the alloying components. To analyze the wear, a pin on disc machine was utilized and the wear test was carried out. From the wear test, wear loss were determined. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the variation between loss of material and the base material. A specimen which is untreated is kept aside and comparisons of results were done with nitrided samples.