Parametric optimization of microwave reflux extraction of spice oleoresin from white pepper (Piper nigrum)

Abstract

Background: White Piper nigrum is an important commodity crop containing a number of essential bioactive components with nutritional and medicinal properties when sufficiently extracted. Microwave refluxation is therefore a novel technique employed in the extraction of bioactive components from natural products of plant origin. This method doubled as classical and traditional solvent extraction techniques with reduced extraction time, higher selectivity, low solvent consumption, and higher extraction rate. Methods: The Taguchi L 9 -orthogonal design was employed to determine a combination of extraction factors that jointly optimized the extraction yield. The use of this para metric design was due to its ability to mitigate inherent noise factor with minimal experimental trials. Results: The optimal extraction condition was attained at 90 min of irradiation time, 300 W of microwave power, 0.105 mm of particle size, and 10 ml/g of molar ratio. Under this condition, the corresponding optimum extraction yield of 4.278 (v/w)% was obtained. Moreover, the percentage contribution of each extraction factor on the response settings resulted in the decreasing order: irradiation time > molar ratio > power level > particle size. Phytochemical screening was condcuted on the oleoresin extracts and a total number of 26 bioactive compounds were identified. Also, the Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR) and the Scanning Eectron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of seven presence of seven functional groups with an observable structural transformation.

Parameter study, antioxidant activities, morphological and functional characteristics in microwave extraction of medicinal oleoresins from black and white pepper

“…The microwave power variation was varied as 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 W ( Figure 2). The oleoresin yield increased as the power was varied from 200 to 300 W. This indicated an initial induction effect which later resulted in the migration of ions resulting from the dipole rotation in the electromagnetic field as described by Olalere et al [11]. The optimal extraction yield was attained 300 W beyond which volatile most of the bioactive compounds would have degraded.…”

“…Several conventional methods had been used in the extraction of bioactive oleoresins from black and white peppers. These include cold percolation, maceration, soxhlet extraction, hydrotropic solubilization, and hydro-distillation [11,12]. However, there are several demerits abound when using these conventional techniques, which include high solvent consumption, low extraction yield, solvent contamination, higher extraction cost and longer time [13].…”

Application of orthogonal optimization and feedforward backpropagation model in the microwave extraction of natural antioxidants from tropical white pepper

“…1). The descending order of significance of the overall main effects was given as x 1 > x 4 > x 2 > x 3 with respect to the generated extremum difference (delta ranking) (Olalere et al 2017b). This suggested that a nominal change in the irradiation time has a greater influence upon the extraction process.…”

“…In recent times, many researchers had employed the conventional method for the recovery of antioxidant constituents, but it has proven to consume time, solvents, and energy (Olalere et al 2017b). The introduction of a classical microwave reflux combines the conventional and electromagnetic radiation for the extraction of bioactive oleoresins from natural products of plant origin (Abdurahman and Olalere 2016a).…”

Comparative Study of Pulsed Microwave and Hydrodistillation Extraction of Piperine Oil From Black Pepper

“…Recent studies have shown the ability to boost the bioavailability of nutrients from other nutrients with an inhibitory capacity to cancer, inflammation, pain, and depression [8]. Many studies had been conducted on the improvement and implementation of distinctive operating conditions for the extraction of piperine oil using different methods [9] [10]. Rafajlovska et al [11] used solvent extraction method to extract piperine oil under distinctive conditions of extraction time, temperature and solvent type.…”