Parametric Study on the Adjustability of the Syngas Composition by Sorption-Enhanced Gasification in a Dual-Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant

Hafner, Selina; Schmid, Max; Scheffknecht, Günter

doi:10.3390/en14020399

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The GC tars stayed rather constant over n SC . This corresponds well to other gasification experiments where higher steam concentrations also reduced tar concentrations [22,60,61]. 3.2.4.…”

Section: Variation Of Steam To Carbon Ratio N Scsupporting

confidence: 89%

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

2021

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The conversion of biogenic residues to fuels and chemicals via gasification and synthesis processes is a promising pathway to replace fossil carbon. In this study, the focus is set on sewage sludge gasification for syngas production. Experiments were carried out in a 20 kW fuel input bubbling fluidized bed facility with steam and oxygen as gasification agent. In-situ produced sewage sludge ash was used as bed material. The sensitivity of the key operation parameters gasifier temperature, oxygen ratio, steam to carbon ratio, and the space velocity on the syngas composition (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, CxHy, H2S, COS, NH3, and tars) was determined. The results show that the produced syngas has high H2 and CO concentrations of up to 0.37 m3 m−3 and 0.18 m3 m−3, respectively, and is thus suitable for synthesis of fuels and chemicals. By adjusting the steam to carbon ratio, the syngas’ H2 to CO ratio can be purposely tailored by the water gas shift reaction for various synthesis products, e.g., synthetic natural gas (H2/CO = 3) or Fischer–Tropsch products (H2/CO = 2). Also, the composition and yields of fly ash and bed ash are presented. Through the gasification process, the cadmium and mercury contents of the bed ash were drastically reduced. The ash is suitable as secondary raw material for phosphorous or phosphate fertilizer production. Overall, a broad database was generated that can be used for process simulation and process design.

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“…The GC tars stayed rather constant over n SC . This corresponds well to other gasification experiments where higher steam concentrations also reduced tar concentrations [22,60,61]. 3.2.4.…”

Section: Variation Of Steam To Carbon Ratio N Scsupporting

confidence: 89%

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

2021

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“…The flexible operation of the sorption-enhanced gasification unit entails the production of syngas with a module close to 2 in the baseline operation and lower than 1 in the enhanced operation. Following the approach modeled and tested in the scientific literature (Pröll and Hofbauer, 2008a;Koppatz et al, 2009;Armbrust et al, 2014;Poboß, 2016;Schmid et al, 2017;Fuchs et al, 2020;Hafner and Schmid, 2020;Hafner et al, 2021;Pitkäoja et al, 2021), the module is controlled by increasing the sorbent circulation rate, which causes an increase in the gasification temperature from 714 °C in baseline operation to 772 °C in the enhanced operation. The latter condition leads to zero CO 2 absorption in the gasifier due to thermodynamic limitation.…”

Section: Gasification Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Power and Biomass-To-Methanol Plants With Different Gasification Technologies

et al. 2022

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The competitiveness of biofuels may be increased by integrating biomass gasification plants with electrolysis units, which generate hydrogen to be combined with carbon-rich syngas. This option allows increasing the yield of the final product by retaining a higher amount of biogenic carbon and improving the resilience of the energy sector by favoring electric grid services and sector coupling. This article illustrates a techno-economic comparative analysis of three flexible power and biomass to methanol plants based on different gasification technologies: direct gasification, indirect gasification, and sorption-enhanced gasification. The design and operational criteria of each plant are conceived to operate both without green hydrogen addition (baseline mode) and with hydrogen addition (enhanced mode), following an intermittent use of the electrolysis system, which is turned on when the electricity price allows an economically viable hydrogen production. The methanol production plants include a gasification section, syngas cleaning, conditioning and compression section, methanol synthesis and purification, and heat recovery steam cycle to be flexibly operated. Due to the high oxygen demand in the gasifier, the direct gasification-based plant obtains a great advantage to be operated between a minimum load to satisfy the oxygen demand at high electricity prices and a maximum load to maximize methanol production at low electricity prices. This allows avoiding large oxygen storages with significant benefits for Capex and safety issues. The analysis reports specific fixed-capital investments between 1823 and 2048 €/kW of methanol output in the enhanced operation and LCOFs between 29.7 and 31.7 €/GJLHV. Economic advantages may be derived from a decrease in the electrolysis capital investment, especially for the direct gasification-based plants, which employ the greatest sized electrolyzer. Methanol breakeven selling prices range between 545 and 582 €/t with the 2019 reference Denmark electricity price curve and between 484 and 535 €/t with an assumed modified electricity price curve of a future energy mix with increased penetration of intermittent renewables.

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“…Various innovative gasification technologies are being developed, which offer improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness. These technologies include plasma gasification [3], entrained flow gasification [4,5], dual fluidized bed gasification [6,7], and sorption enhanced gasification [8][9][10], while other recent developments have been a resurgence in research into oxidizing agents, using air, steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or a combination of them [11][12][13][14][15]. It is expected that the hydrogen economy will co-produce large amounts of oxygen as a by-product that could be deployed in oxy-gasification through increasing the syngas LHV by reducing atmospheric N2 dilution, and facilitating carbon capture and storage (CCS) [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of Gasification Technologies for Energy and Fuel Production: Overview, Analysis, and Numerical Estimation

Lourinho

Alves

Garcia³

et al. 2023

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During recent years, gasification technology has gained a high potential and attractiveness to convert biomass and other solid wastes into a valuable syngas for energy production or synthesis of new biofuels. The implementation of real gasification facilities implies a good insight of all expenses that are involved, namely investments required in equipment during the project and construction phases (capital expenditures, CapEx) and costs linked to the operation of the plant, or periodic maintenance interventions (operational expenditures, OpEx) or costs related to operations required for an efficient and sustainable performance of a gasification plant (e.g., feedstock pre-treatment and management of by-products). Knowledge of these economic parameters and their corresponding trends over time may help decision-makers to make adequate choices regarding the eligible technologies and to perform comparisons with other conventional scenarios. The present work aims to provide an overview on CapEx associated with gasification technologies devoted to convert biomass or solid waste sources, with a view of reducing the carbon footprint during energy generation or production of new energy carriers. In addition, an analysis of technology cost trends over time using regression methods is also presented, as well as an evaluation of specific capital investments according to the amount of output products generated for different gasification facilities. The novelty of this work is focused on an analysis of CapEx of existing gasification technologies to obtain distinct products (energy and fuels), and to determine mathematical correlations relating technology costs with time and product output. For these purposes, a survey of data and categorization of gasification plants based on the final products was made, and mathematical regression methods were used to obtain the correlations, with a statistical analysis (coefficient of determination) for validation. Specific investments on liquid biofuel production plants exhibited the highest decreasing trend over time, while electricity production became the least attractive solution. Linear correlations of specific investment versus time fitted better for electricity production plants (R2 = 0.67), while those relating the product output were better for liquid biofuel plants through exponential regressions (R2 = 0.65).

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Parametric Study on the Adjustability of the Syngas Composition by Sorption-Enhanced Gasification in a Dual-Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

Flexible Power and Biomass-To-Methanol Plants With Different Gasification Technologies

Costs of Gasification Technologies for Energy and Fuel Production: Overview, Analysis, and Numerical Estimation

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