Paraneoplastic acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy improved with intravitreal methotrexate

Gao, Jie; Panse, Ketaki; Foster, C. Stephen; Anesi, Stephen D

doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100930

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPVM) following cutaneous melanoma which was refractory to oral prednisolone, intravitreal triamcinolone, and bevacizumab showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid with significant gain of vision with a single dose of intravitreal MTX. 41…”

Section: Immunosuppressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of intravitreal immunosuppressants and biologicals used in ophthalmology

et al. 2022

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Systemic immunosuppressants and biologicals have been a valuable tool in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and malignancies. The safety profile of these drugs has been debatable, especially in localized systems, such as the eye. This has led to the search for fairly local approaches, such as intravitreal, subconjunctival, and topical route of administration. Immunosuppressants have been used as a second-line drug in patients intolerable to corticosteroids or those who develop multiple recurrences on weaning corticosteroids. Similarly, biologicals have also been used as the next line of therapy, when adequate control of inflammation could not be attained or immunosuppressants were contraindicated to patients. Intravitreal immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate and sirolimus, have been extensively studied in noninfectious posterior uveitis, whereas limited studies have established the efficacy of intravitreal biologicals, such as infliximab and adalimumab. Most of these drugs have shown good safety profile and tolerability in animal studies alone and have not been studied further in human subjects. However, most of the studies in literature are single-case reports or case series which limits the level of evidence. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, indications, efficacy, and side effects of different intravitreal immunosuppressants and biologicals that have been studied in literature.

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Section: Immunosuppressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%