Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated with Laryngeal Cancer

Abstract

Objectives: Paraneoplastic syndromes occur rarely in association with laryngeal cancer. When present, the syndrome may be the first sign of the malignancy. The aim of the present study was to review and report on all published cases in the international literature. Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for ''paraneoplastic syndromes in laryngeal cancer'' without any restrictions on language or publication year. The full texts of all relevant articles were reviewed and all cases of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with any type of laryngeal cancer were extracted and analyzed. Results: We identified 59 cases of paraneoplastic syndromes related to laryngeal cancer in the literature published from 1963 until recently. There were 46 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 neuroendocrine carcinomas. Twenty-two of the paraneoplastic syndromes involved the endocrine system, 21 were dermatologic or cutaneous, 8 neurologic, 5 osteoarticular or rheumatologic, 1 ocular, 1 muscular, and 1 hematologic. Treatment strategies included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and often multimodal therapy, depending on the histology and stage of the laryngeal cancer. Conclusions: Because of their rarity, paraneoplastic syndromes associated with laryngeal cancer are difficult to diagnose. By presenting and systematically reviewing all published cases in the international literature, the present review may help clinicians to recognize them and to suspect the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer at an earlier stage than otherwise might be possible.

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx and Pharynx: A Clinical and Histopathological Study

“…Moreover, a few biopsies were over 20 years old, with a possible antigen degradation, which could have influenced our immunohistochemical analyses, particularly those with a nuclear reaction, e.g., Ki-67 [ 45 ]. Finally, we did not address certain relevant topics, such as the incidence and prognostic significance of paraneoplastic syndromes in NEC patients, the issue of mixed tumors, and prophylactic brain irradiation (PBI) [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Regarding the last, none of our patients had PBI: only in patients with extensive MD nasopharyngeal NEC did brain metastases occur 47 months after chemoradiation, supporting the view that PBI does not appear to play a role in this disease [ 50 ].…”

Concurrent Paraneoplastic Dermatomyositis and Acquired C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency in Primary Laryngeal Small Cell Carcinoma

“…Published case reports of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with laryngeal cancers are rare, all arising from supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas [ 11 , 12 ]. This is the first that is published that originates from a small cell carcinoma of laryngeal primary.…”

Eupalinilide B as a novel anti-cancer agent that inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in laryngeal cancer cells

“… 1 , 2 Although some progress has been made in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, improving the survival and quality of life of patients remains a challenge. 3 Chemotherapy has become increasingly important because of its protective effects on laryngeal function. 4 …”

“…1,2 Although some progress has been made in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, improving the survival and quality of life of patients remains a challenge. 3 Chemotherapy has become increasingly important because of its protective effects on laryngeal function. 4 Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a highly conserved flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidase with an amine oxidase domain.…”