Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms are not associated with chronic kidney disease in Thai individuals with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background Decreased paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and PON1 polymorphisms have been found to be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of the PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms with CKD in T2DM, as well as their relationship with PON1 activity. Methods A total of 166 T2DM patients, including 83 CKD patients and 83 non‐CKD patients, were recruited. Biochemical parameters and paraoxonase (PONase) and arylesterase (AREase) activities were measured. The PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms were analysed by a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. Data were analysed using the chi‐square test, Student's t‐test and logistic regression analysis. Results Total cholesterol, TGs, LDL‐C and Cr were significantly higher in CKD patients than in non‐CKD patients. In contrast, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and AREase activity were significantly lower in CKD patients than in non‐CKD patients (P < .05). The genotype and allele frequencies of the PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms were not significantly different between CKD and non‐CKD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no association between the PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms and CKD in T2DM. In addition, among all patients, patients with the PON1 LM genotype had significantly lower PONase activity than those with the LL genotype (P < .05). Among all patients, CKD patients and non‐CKD patients, those with the PON1 RR genotype had significantly higher PONase activity but lower AREase activity than patients with the QR and QQ genotypes (P < .05). Conclusions PON1 activity was influenced by the PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms. However, the PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms may not be considered genetic biomarkers for CKD in T2DM.

The importance of paraoxonase 1 activity in chronic kidney disease

“…PON1 polymorphisms were also studied in another Caucasian population with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where it was found that genotypes LL on 55, AA (–162) and GG (–1074), were associated with an increased urinary albumin loss [ 54 ]. However, inconsistent with the above findings were the results obtained in other ethnic groups, in which PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms [ 55 , 56 ] as well as C (–108) T [ 57 ], were not associated with CKD in T2D nor in T1D.…”