Paraoxonase, total antioxidant response, and peroxide levels in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reported to play a role in inducing the proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome (NS). This study investigated paraoxonase (PON), total antioxidant response (TAR), and oxidant total peroxide together with serum proteins and lipoproteins in children with steroid-sensitive NS. The study included 40 children with steroid-sensitive NS (21 with acute-period NS in group I, 19 nonproteinuric while receiving steroids in group II) and 22 sex- and age-matched formerly nephrotic children in remission weaned from steroids (group III). The following parameters were determined: total peroxide, oxidative stress index (OSI), PON and TAR. Serum proteins and lipoproteins were also determined. Patients in the active phase of NS had significantly lower PON and TAR levels and higher OSI and total peroxide values than those in full remission; no differences were found in PON, TAR, or OSI values of groups I and II. Significant correlations were found between PON, TAR, and total peroxide. Serum total protein had a significantly positive correlation with PON and negative correlation with total peroxide in acute-period NS patients. Our results demonstrate greater oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants in the active phase of steroid-sensitive NS and while patients receive steroids than during full remission. Low-dose alternate-day steroids do not seem to decrease oxidative stress even while proteinuria ceases. Despite some conflicting data increased oxidation and/or decreased antioxidant response may be related to the pathogenesis of steroid-sensitive NS.

Oxidative Stress in Marasmic Children: Relationships with Leptin

“…The most likely explanation for the lack of significant associations between leptin and BMI and between leptin and oxidant/ antioxidant parameters in our marasmic group may be the presence of a threshold beyond which leptin can not decrease physiologically, since excessive loss of adipose tissue is the main characteristics of marasmus. In previous studies, leptin was reported to be positively correlated with oxidant markers in children with nephrotic syndrome or chronic renal failure (33,34). In those studies elevated leptin levels had been found to be related to increased oxidative stress.…”

Oxidative Modification of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Relation to Dyslipidemia and Oxidant Status in Children With Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

“…However, the study of Kawamura et al (48) suggested that glucocorticoids may have a therapeutic role through the stimulation/augmentation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the study of Ece et al (1) observed that steroid treatment did not suppress oxidative stress in SSNS.…”

“…M inimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children and generally responds well to treatment with prednisone (1). An important advance in understanding the pathogenesis of NS was the observation that oxygen-free radicals are possible mediators of injury in experimental nephrosis in rats.…”

Serum levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and E in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis

“…Of these, the majority were excluded after the first screening in terms of abstracts or titles, mainly because they were not relevant to INS. After full-text review of 14 articles, six [18][19][20][21][22][23] studies were excluded because they did not display the status of MDA, vitamin C or E. Finally, eight studies were included.…”