Paraphilia and Antisociality: Motivations for Sexual Offending May Differ for American Whites and Blacks

Lee, Seung C.; Hanson, R. Karl; Calkins, Cynthia; Jeglic, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1177/1079063219828779

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Noncontact offending was rare among the Indigenous individuals in the current study, and it is similarly rare for African Americans (Lee, Hanson, Calkins, & Jeglic, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Predictive accuracy of the Static-99R and Static-2002R risk tools for identifying Indigenous and White individuals at high risk for sexual recidivism in Canada.

Lee

Hanson

Blais

2020

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Canada, the issue of cultural bias in risk assessment tools is an ongoing concern, particularly for Indigenous peoples who are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. To date, there has been relatively little research on structured risk assessment tools for Indigenous peoples. This study examined the predictive accuracy of two sexual recidivism risk tools (Static-99R, Static-2002R) for White individuals (n = 1,560) and persons of Indigenous heritage (n = 653) from five independent Canadian samples. The results indicated that Static-99R predicted sexual recidivism with similar accuracy for both Indigenous and White individuals. Static-2002R predicted sexual recidivism only for White individuals. Indicators of general criminality (e.g., total prior offences) predicted sexual recidivism for both racial groups. In contrast, many of the sex crime–specific risk factors that have demonstrated validity in previous, predominantly White samples (e.g., male victim, noncontact sexual offence), only predicted sexual recidivism for the White study group and did not predict sexual recidivism for the Indigenous study group. Consistent with other studies, White individuals showed more indicators of paraphilic interests whereas Indigenous individuals in these samples displayed higher general criminality. The findings suggest that the treatment for individuals at risk for sexual offending may benefit from an increased focus on the distinctive risk-relevant characteristics of White and Indigenous peoples in the criminal justice system.

show abstract

“…Noncontact offending was rare among the Indigenous individuals in the current study, and it is similarly rare for African Americans (Lee, Hanson, Calkins, & Jeglic, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Predictive accuracy of the Static-99R and Static-2002R risk tools for identifying Indigenous and White individuals at high risk for sexual recidivism in Canada.

Lee

Hanson

Blais

2020

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most people with paraphilic interests do not have a mental disorder, and paraphilia is only clinically diagnosed when the paraphilic interest is recurrent, persistent, necessary for sexual enjoyment, and results in significant distress or impairment of functioning. Nevertheless, some studies found a significant positive relationship between antisociality (e.g., antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder) and paraphilic interests and behavior, particularly in the criminal population (DeLisi, Drury, Caropreso, Heinrichs, Tahja, & Elbert, 2018;Lee, Hanson, Calkins, & Jeglic, 2020). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) identifies eight paraphilias and their associated paraphilic disorders (i.e., voyeurism, exhibitionism, fetishism, transvestic fetishism, frotteurism, sexual sadism, sexual masochism, and pedophilia; APA, 2013), while the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) recognizes six disorders of sexual preference (i.e., voyeurism, exhibitionism, fetishism, fetishistic transvestism, sadomasochism, and pedophilia;World Health Organization, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraphilic Interests: The Role of Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Young Adults in Hong Kong

Chan

2021

Sex Res Soc Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Little is known about the prevalence and nature of paraphilic interests in the Hong Kong young adult population. This study explores the psychosocial factors associated with paraphilic interests. Methods Testing the propositions of several criminological theories (i.e., the theories of self-control, general strain, social learning, social control, and routine activity), the study recruited 1171 participants (18–40 years old), from September 2018 through April 2020, to examine both general and 14 subtypes of paraphilic interest (i.e., voyeurism, exhibitionism, scatologia, fetishism, transvestic fetishism, frotteurism, sadism, masochism, biastophilia, urophilia, scatophilia, hebephilia, pedophilia, and zoophilia). Results The findings indicate that males reported significantly higher levels of general and 12 subtypes of paraphilic interest than females, while females had a higher level of transvestic fetishism than males. No mean difference is found between males and females in interest in masochism. Relative to females, males reported significantly higher levels of negative temperament, alcohol and drug use, and risky sexual behavior, whereas females had higher levels of self-control, social bonds, and perceived neighborhood disorganization than males. Multivariate analyses indicate that in general, high levels of negative temperament, alcohol and drug use, risky sexual behavior, and perceived neighborhood disorganization and low levels of self-control and social bonds were important factors associated with the participants’ likelihood of having general and 14 subtypes of paraphilic interest. Conclusions These findings provide support to the significant role of psychosocial factors in understanding different paraphilic interests in the Hong Kong young adult population. Policy Implications This study has implications for practice, in the form of reducing, if not eliminating, the tendency to develop an interest in paraphilic behaviors. This may be more important when referring to paraphilic behaviors that are criminally oriented.

show abstract

“…Ethnicity and pedophilia/ASPD diagnoses. A previous study (Lee et al, 2019) found significant differences between African-American and White sex offenders in their frequency of ASPD versus pedophilia diagnoses and related measures. Lee et al (p. 19) found "…Blacks displayed higher general criminality (i.e., antisociality), whereas Whites appeared more paraphilic (i.e., pedophilic interests)."…”

Section: Analyses Involving Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Some states accept it as a qualifying diagnosis, while others do not (e.g., New York). Lee and colleagues (Lee et al, 2019) suggests there may be ethnic differences in the frequency of paraphilic versus antisocial motives for sexual offending. Winters et al (2019) found lower kappa reliability for ASPD and other diagnoses, including antisocial personality disorder, kappa = .21; alcohol use disorder, kappa = .40; and borderline personality disorder, kappa = .54 (Freedman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Common Diagnoses and Diagnostic Reliability Of Mental Disord...mentioning

confidence: 99%

California Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Evaluations in the Field: Static-99R and Diagnostic Field Reliability

Lockhart¹,

DiCiro²,

Rokop³

et al. 2021

Sex Abuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tests and diagnoses used in sexually violent predator (SVP) evaluations must be reliable, as reliability is foundational to validity. The current study contained a stratified sample of evaluations of 395 individuals referred as potential SVPs between 2012 and 2017. Each individual was initially evaluated by at least two experts. The sample included three groups: individuals not meeting SVP criteria ( N = 200, or 400 evaluations), individuals meeting SVP criteria ( N = 95, with 190 evaluations), and individuals where evaluators disagreed ( N = 100, with 200 evaluations). The sample also included 200 subsequent independent evaluations on these “disagree” cases. Static-99R score intraclass coefficient (ICC) interrater reliability was good to excellent within each group and overall. Evaluators scored the Static-99R within one point of each other 87% of the time. Cohen’s kappa diagnostic agreement for Pedophilic Disorder was substantial. ASPD and substance abuse kappa were in the “fair” range, while OSPD diagnoses in the positive group were at the “moderate” level of agreement. Ethnic differences in diagnoses were consistent with other studies, with equivalent Static-99R ICC values across ethnic groups. There were no significant differences between state civil servants versus contracted experts in Static-99R ratings or final determinations. The results suggest that Static-99R scores have acceptable reliability in these evaluations, and Pedophilic Disorder (the most common paraphilic disorder in our study) and OSPD can be reliably diagnosed. We discuss limitations of the study, as well as the need for care in high-stakes evaluations given the imperfect reliability of psychological measurements.

show abstract

Paraphilia and Antisociality: Motivations for Sexual Offending May Differ for American Whites and Blacks

Cited by 17 publications

References 80 publications

Predictive accuracy of the Static-99R and Static-2002R risk tools for identifying Indigenous and White individuals at high risk for sexual recidivism in Canada.

Predictive accuracy of the Static-99R and Static-2002R risk tools for identifying Indigenous and White individuals at high risk for sexual recidivism in Canada.

Paraphilic Interests: The Role of Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Young Adults in Hong Kong

California Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Evaluations in the Field: Static-99R and Diagnostic Field Reliability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About