Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review

Teame, Tsegay; Wang, Anran; Xie, Mingxu; Zhang, Zhen; Yang, Yalin; Ding, Qianwen; Gao, Chenchen; Olsen, Rolf Erik; Ran, Chao; Zhou, Zhigang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.570344

Cited by 232 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 226 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Considering that SCS of L. salivarius MG4265 actively decreased S. mutans -induced biofilm formation and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, metabolites that were produced during fermentation possibly acted as effector molecules. The genus Lactobacillus secretes various metabolites, such as muropeptides, aggregation-promoting factors, bacteriocin, short-chain fatty acids, and trytophan-related metabolites [ 62 , 63 ], which may suppress biofilm formation and immune regulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

et al. 2021

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Postbiotics are a promising functional ingredient that can overcome the limitations of viability and storage stability that challenge the production of probiotics. To evaluate the effects of postbiotics on oral health, eight spent culture supernatants (SCSs) of probiotics were prepared, and the effects of SCSs on Streptococcus mutans-induced cariogenic biofilm formation and the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SCS of Lactobacillus salivarius MG4265 reduced S. mutans-induced biofilm formation by 73% and significantly inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, which is a biomarker of mature osteoclasts in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The suppression of RANKL-induced activation of mitogen activated the protein kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38) and nuclear factor κB pathways, as well as the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. The suppression of RANK-L-induced activation of mitogen also inhibited the expression of transcriptional factors (c-fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1) and, subsequently, osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP), cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9).Therefore, SCS of L. salivarius MG4265 has great potential as a multifunctional oral health ingredient that inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the alveolar bone loss that is associated with periodontitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

et al. 2021

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“…There is increasing evidence of the role of postbiotics as health promoter. The beneficial effects of postbiotics are mediated through an interaction between the microbial products and the host [ 10 ]. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a postbiotic formulated with a fermented food product in terms of semen quality and health status of male rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postbiotics are defined as soluble products or metabolites secreted by probiotics that have physiological benefits to the host [ 9 ]. Postbiotics consist of a wide range of effector molecules [ 10 ] and they are capable of reducing the gut pH and, in turn, inhibiting the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens in the feed and gut microbiota [ 10 , 11 ]. Postbiotics, especially those derived from metabolites of Lactobacillus , have been proposed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics, not only in humans, but also in monogastrics [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postbiotics, especially those derived from metabolites of Lactobacillus , have been proposed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics, not only in humans, but also in monogastrics [ 12 ]. Currently, the application of postbiotics in human food, animal feed and pharmaceutical industries is increasing and postbiotic products derived from Lactobacillus species are commercially available for prevention or treatment of some diseases [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Postbiotic Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria on Semen Quality and Health of Male Rabbits

Cano¹,

Argente

García

2021

Animals

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria-based postbiotic supplementation on semen characteristics and hematological and biochemical profiles in rabbits. A total of 28 males were randomly allocated into two groups. Males received a Control diet and Enriched diet supplemented with postbiotic for 15 weeks (4 weeks of adaptation period and 11 weeks of experimental period). Body weight, feed intake and semen characteristics were recorded weekly. Hematological profile was recorded at the beginning and end of the experiment and biochemical profile at 0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks. Bayesian methodology was used for the statistical analysis. Feed intake was higher in Control diet (125.2 g) than in the Enriched diet (118.6 g, p = 1.00). The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa were higher in Control diet than in Enriched diet (30% and 22%; p = 0.93) and the acrosome integrity percentage was lower (97% and 96%; p = 0.87). The hematological profile was within the range for healthy rabbits. The plasmatic level of alanine aminotransferase was higher in Control diet than Enriched diet at 5 and 10 weeks (p = 0.93 and p = 0.94, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase was similar in Control diet throughout the experiment, but decreased in Enriched diet (p = 0.97). No difference was found in kidney parameters (uric nitrogen and creatinine). Enriched diet showed higher total protein and globulin than Control diet (p = 0.99). Phosphorus was lower (p = 0.92) in Control diet than in Enriched diet. In conclusion, the addition of the postbiotic based on lactic acid bacteria seems to improve the quality of the semen and the liver profile in rabbits.

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“…Adherence of lactobacilli to the intestinal mucosal layer is mediated by surface proteins with a mucus-binding capacity [ 4 , 5 ]. Well-known mucus-binding proteins adhering to the outer mucus layer include the canonical mucus-binding protein (MUB) in Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 cell, mucus binding protein A (CmbA) and sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs) in L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475, the multi-repeat cell-surface adhesin Lar0958 in L. reuteri JCM 1112T, surface proteins (42 and 114 kDa) in Lactobacillus rhamnosus PEN, and the mucus-binding pili in strains of L. rhamnosus [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus reuteri to Host Mucin to Enhance Probiotic Effects

Deng

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The ability to adhere to the intestinal mucus layer is an important property of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus reuteri strains ZJ615 and ZJ617 show low and high adhesion, respectively, to intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we quantified bacterial cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (cw-GAPDH) and bacterial cell membrane permeability in both strains using immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Highly adhesive L. reuteri ZJ617 possessed significantly more cw-GAPDH, higher cell membrane permeability, and significantly higher adhesive ability toward mucin compared with low-adhesive L. reuteri ZJ615. In vitro adhesion studies and analysis of interaction kinetics using the Octet, the system revealed significantly decreased interaction between L. reuteri and mucin when mucin was oxidized when bacterial surface proteins were removed when bacteria were heat-inactivated at 80 °C for 30 min, and when the interaction was blocked with an anti-GAPDH antibody. SWISS-MODEL analysis suggested intensive interactions between mucin glycans (GalNAcα1-O-Ser, GalNAcαSer, and Galβ3GalNAc) and GAPDH. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed significantly higher numbers of bacteria adhering to the jejunum, ileum, and colon of piglets orally inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617 compared with those inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ615; this led to a significantly decreased rate of diarrhea in piglets inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617. In conclusion, there are strong correlations among the abundance of cw-GAPDH in L. reuteri, the ability of the bacterium to adhere to the host, and the health benefits of this probiotic.

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Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review

Cited by 232 publications

References 226 publications

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Effects of Probiotic Culture Supernatant on Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Effect of Postbiotic Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria on Semen Quality and Health of Male Rabbits

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus reuteri to Host Mucin to Enhance Probiotic Effects

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