2003
DOI: 10.1002/ps.823
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Paraquat and sustainable agriculture

Abstract: Sustainable agriculture is essential for man's survival, especially given our rapidly increasing population. Expansion of agriculture into remaining areas of natural vegetation is undesirable, as this would reduce biodiversity on the planet. Maintaining or indeed improving crop yields on existing farmed land, whether on a smallholder scale or on larger farms, is thus necessary. One of the limiting factors is often weed control; biological control of weeds is generally of limited use and mechanical control is e… Show more

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Cited by 168 publications
(116 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, paraquat exhibits nonselective and rapid action and is biologically inactive in soil. Despite these advantageous features, the application of paraquat in agriculture is relatively limited, and this herbicide is primarily used in orchards, plantation crops, and conservation tillage systems (Bromilow, 2004). This limitation is partly attributed to the lack of a molecular target that can be genetically modified to confer paraquat resistance to crops, in contrast to several other herbicides, such as glyphosate, whose utilization has been successfully manipulated by genetic engineering (Comai et al, 1983(Comai et al, , 1985.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Moreover, paraquat exhibits nonselective and rapid action and is biologically inactive in soil. Despite these advantageous features, the application of paraquat in agriculture is relatively limited, and this herbicide is primarily used in orchards, plantation crops, and conservation tillage systems (Bromilow, 2004). This limitation is partly attributed to the lack of a molecular target that can be genetically modified to confer paraquat resistance to crops, in contrast to several other herbicides, such as glyphosate, whose utilization has been successfully manipulated by genetic engineering (Comai et al, 1983(Comai et al, , 1985.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, paraquat has no effects on mature bark (Dodge, 1971;Suntres, 2002). Because of these characteristics, paraquat is widely used in orchards, plantation crops, conservation tillage systems, and other applications (Bromilow, 2004).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies of PQ adsorption to clays in the pH range 5.0-7.0 reveal surface concentrations of between 0.18 and 4 µmol⋅m -2 , depending on the type of clay. The higher adsorption of PQ on clays is explained by the ability of the planar PQ molecules to enter the lattice layers (Bromilow, 2003) and the extent of the PQ adsorption on soils is determined by the amount and type of clay minerals present in the soils (Roberts et al, 2002) Phenoxyalkanoic acids (such as MCPA) and their derivatives constitute a large group of herbicides that are used extensively in agriculture. This type of organic pesticide has a carboxyl group that is mainly responsible for the interactions with soil components (Tunega et al, 2004).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rotenone was first isolated from the roots and stems of several plants and has been used as a pesticide and fish poison (21,22). Highly lipophilic, rotenone easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the mitochondria, inhibiting complex I of the electron transport chain.…”
Section: -Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (Mpp+) By Monoamine Oxidase B(mmentioning
confidence: 99%