Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments

Behringer, Donald C.; Karvonen, Anssi; Bojko, Jamie

doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0202

Cited by 78 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…The source of the PaV1 avoidance cue, be it pathogen or host, is unknown. Evidence for pathogen-specific avoidance in marine systems is increasing, but evidence for generalized avoidance of disease or depressed health is more common [11]. Our study indicates that pathogen avoidance by P. argus appears to be evoked by conspecifics in different disease states and not limited to PaV1 infected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Our findings indicate that the avoidance of PaV1 by P. argus , first recorded from natural populations by Behringer et al (2006), may not be specific to the PaV1- P. argus pathosystem [29]. Rather, this avoidance behavior may be a general method of avoiding conspecifics of poor health via the behavioral immune system [11]. Below, we discuss the relevance of understanding WSSV susceptibility, transmission, and pathology in P. argus ; how these data benefit our understanding of infected conspecific avoidance in a social lobster; and what a WSSV epidemic could mean for the P. argus fishery and the consequences for the local ecology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Avoidance of dead conspecifics may also occur through necromones, which are associated with decomposing organisms [40, 52, 53]. Avoidance of injured, dead, or diseased conspecifics results in a form of behavioral immunity, protecting against predation and disease via avoidance [11, 31, 52–56]. As fitness is a principal criterion for reproduction, predation and disease are considered dominant drivers of natural selection [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degradation of tissues from disease may release chemicals, or necromones, typically associated with decomposition, resulting in avoidance behavior that is as equally strong as the avoidance of dead conspecifics. Necromones are detected and avoided by a number or arthropods to reduce risk of predation and disease [11, 52–56, 61–63]. Therefore, avoidance responses may be similar for dead and diseased conspecifics if similar decomposition related chemicals are being released due to the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the Palinuridae have few identified pathogens in relation to other decapod crustaceans; however, P. argus is known to harbor a hemocytic virus known as ‘Panulirus argus Virus 1’ (PaV1). This pathosystem has become a model for understanding the effects of pathogen avoidance behavior in Crustacea [11]. This virus was discovered from P. argus across the greater Caribbean region in 2001 and is currently the only virus known to naturally infect any species of lobster [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Spot Syndrome Virus and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus: Susceptibility and Behavioral Immunity

Ross

Behringer

Bojko

2018

Preprint

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2 The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus is susceptible to infection by Panulirus argus Virus 3 1 (PaV1), the only virus known to naturally infect any lobster species. However, P. argus is able 4 to mitigate PaV1 transmission risk by avoiding infected individuals. White Spot Syndrome Virus 5 (WSSV) has a particularly wide host range. WSSV has not been documented in wild 6 populations of spiny lobsters, but has been experimentally transmitted to six other lobster 7 species from the genus Panulirus spp. While WSSV has been detected intermittently in wild 8 populations of shrimp in the Caribbean region, the risk to P. argus has not been evaluated.9 Potential emergence of the disease could result in fisheries losses and ecological disruption.10 To assess the risk to P. argus, we tested its susceptibility to WSSV via injection and waterborne 11 transmission. We also tested whether healthy lobsters can detect and avoid conspecifics with 12 qPCR-quantifiable WSSV infections. We found P. argus to be highly susceptible to WSSV via 13 intramuscular injection, with mortality reaching 88% four weeks post inoculation. Panulirus 14 argus was also susceptible to WSSV via waterborne transmission, but WSSV burden was low 15 after four weeks via qPCR. Behavioral assays indicated that P. argus can detect and avoid 16 conspecifics infected with WSSV and the avoidance response was strongest for the most 17 heavily infected individuals -a response comparable to PaV1-infected conspecifics.18 Panulirus argus is the first spiny lobster found to be susceptible to WSSV in the Americas, but it 19 is possible that a generalized avoidance response by healthy lobsters against infected 20 conspecifics provides a behavioral defense and may reduce WSSV infection potential and 21 prevalence. Such avoidance may extend to other directly transmitted pathogens in spiny lobster 22 populations preventing them from becoming common in their population. 24Author Summary 25 Erica P. Ross is a PhD candidate at the University of Florida, studying the disease ecology of the 26 Caribbean spiny lobster, with a focus on chemosensory ecology. Donald C. Behringer is an 27 associate professor at the University of Florida and his research focuses on disease ecology, 28 epidemiology, and fishery ecology, with a focus on crustaceans and other marine invertebrates.29 Jamie Bojko received his PhD from the University of Leeds and is currently a post-doctorate 30 associate at the University of Florida studying experimental and systemic crustacean pathology. 31 35 globe. WSSV has resulted in mass mortality and economic loses of > 3 billion USD (US dollars), 36 annually [1, 2]. The virus can infect all species of penaeid shrimp and over 40 other species of 37 Crustacea (e.g., crabs, crayfish, and lobsters), with some studies showing successful 38 transmission to other arthropods, such as insects [3 -5]. WSSV has had its greatest impact on 39 aquaculture populations, but some screening studies have identified the virus in crustacean hosts 40 outside of aquaculture facili...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

White Spot Syndrome Virus and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus: Susceptibility and Behavioral Immunity

Ross

Behringer

Bojko

2018

Preprint

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Strategies for managing marine disease

Glidden

Field

Bachhuber

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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The incidence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) has increased in wildlife populations in recent years and is expected to continue to increase with global environmental change. Marine diseases are relatively understudied compared to terrestrial diseases but warrant parallel attention as they can disrupt ecosystems, cause economic loss, and threaten human livelihoods. While there are many existing tools to combat the direct and indirect consequences of EIDs, these management strategies are often insufficient or ineffective in marine habitats compared to their terrestrial counterparts, often due to fundamental differences between marine and terrestrial systems. Here, we first illustrate how the marine environment and marine organism life histories present challenges and opportunities for wildlife disease management. We then assess the application of common disease management strategies to marine versus terrestrial systems to identify those that may be most effective for marine disease outbreak prevention, response, and recovery. Finally, we recommend multiple actions that will enable more successful management of marine wildlife disease emergencies in the future. These include prioritizing marine disease research and understanding its links to climate change, improving marine ecosystem health, forming better monitoring and response networks, developing marine veterinary medicine programs, and enacting policy that addresses marine and other wildlife diseases. Overall, we encourage a more proactive rather than reactive approach to marine wildlife disease management and emphasize that multi-disciplinary collaborations are crucial to managing marine wildlife health.

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Effects of predation risk on parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases

Thieltges,

Johnson,

van Leeuwen

et al. 2024

Ecology

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Landscapes of fear can determine the dynamics of entire ecosystems. In response to perceived predation risk, prey can show physiological, behavioral, or morphological trait changes to avoid predation. This in turn can indirectly affect other species by modifying species interactions (e.g., altered feeding), with knock‐on effects, such as trophic cascades, on the wider ecosystem. While such indirect effects stemming from the fear of predation have received extensive attention for herbivore–plant and predator–prey interactions, much less is known about how they alter parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases. In this synthesis, we present a conceptual framework for how predation risk—as perceived by organisms that serve as hosts—can affect parasite–host interactions, with implications for infectious disease dynamics. By basing our approach on recent conceptual advances with respect to predation risk effects, we aim to expand this general framework to include parasite–host interactions and diseases. We further identify pathways through which parasite–host interactions can be affected, for example, through altered parasite avoidance behavior or tolerance of hosts to infections, and discuss the wider relevance of predation risk for parasite and host populations, including heuristic projections to population‐level dynamics. Finally, we highlight the current unknowns, specifically the quantitative links from individual‐level processes to population dynamics and community structure, and emphasize approaches to address these knowledge gaps.

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Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments

Cited by 78 publications

References 170 publications

White Spot Syndrome Virus and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus: Susceptibility and Behavioral Immunity

White Spot Syndrome Virus and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus: Susceptibility and Behavioral Immunity

Strategies for managing marine disease

Effects of predation risk on parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases

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