Parasite Biology: The Vectors

Dvořák, Vít; Shaw, Jeffrey Jon; Volf, Petr

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72386-0_3

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…The most important example of a permissive vector is Lu. longipalpis, which was involved in the establishment of L. (L.) infantum in Latin America 9 and is proven vector of this parasite in many countries, from Costa Rica to northern Argentina 5,13 . Here we confirmed that Lu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…longipalpis and Lu. migonei in the circulation of this parasite was unknown 5 . Natural infections of Lu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As different parasite species may co-circulate in a given endemic area 5 , the significance of co-infections by different Leishmania in sand flies is poorly understood. So far, rather limited number of investigations has been conducted to study the simultaneous development of different Leishmania species in the same sand fly 6,7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental infections and co-infections with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum in two sand fly species, Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis

Alexandre

Sádlová

Leštinová

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are the most important causative agents of leishmaniases in the New World. These two parasite species may co-circulate in a given endemic area but their interactions in the vector have not been studied yet. We conducted experimental infections using both single infections and co-infections to compare the development of L. (L.) infantum (OGVL/mCherry) and L. (V.) braziliensis (XB29/GFP) in Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei. Parasite labelling by different fluorescein proteins enabled studying interspecific competition and localization of different parasite species during co-infections. Both Leishmania species completed their life cycle, producing infective forms in both sand fly species studied. The same happens in the co infections, demonstrating that the two parasites conclude their development and do not compete with each other. However, infections produced by L. (L.) infantum reached higher rates and grew more vigorously, as compared to L. (V.) braziliensis. In late-stage infections, L. (L.) infantum was present in all midgut regions, showing typical suprapylarian type of development, whereas L. (V.) braziliensis was concentrated in the hindgut and the abdominal midgut (peripylarian development). We concluded that both Lu. migonei and Lu. longipalpis are equally susceptible vectors for L. (L.) infantum, in laboratory colonies. In relation to L. (V.) braziliensis, Lu. migonei appears to be more susceptible to this parasite than Lu. longipalpis. Leishmaniases are important parasitic diseases, causing serious medical problems in many countries, as they rank in the top-three list of neglected tropical diseases caused by protists 1. The causative agents, flagellates of the genus Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), subgenera Leishmania and Viannia, are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) 2. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are the most important causative agents of leishmaniases in humans 3. L. (V.) braziliensis causes a typical cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which may progress to mucosal disease, whereas L. (L.) infantum infections is responsible for a life-threatening form of the disease-visceral leishmaniasis (VL). These two parasite species also differ in their development in the sand fly vector; both colonize the sand fly midgut, but only L. (V.) braziliensis was documented to colonize the hindgut (peripylarian development) 4 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…longipalpis and Lu. migonei in the circulation of this parasite was unknown 5 . Natural infections of Lu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental infections and co-infections with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum in two sand fly species, Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis

Alexandre

Sádlová

Leštinová

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In the study area, P. perniciosus is sympatric with P. ariasi [2], a closely related species of the subgenus Larroussius; thus, the high percentage of detection of antibodies to SGH might reflect cross-reactivity with antibodies against P. ariasi [12,16]. As the presence and abundance of sand fly species responsible for L. infantum transmission varies according to the location, and throughout the transmission season, the sole use of SGH to specifically measure exposure to P. perniciosus, the most abundant L. infantum vector in the Western Mediterranean, can be hampered; however, this cross-reactivity might be an advantage, as both Larroussius species are proven L. infantum vectors [3].…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs are the main hosts and the principal reservoir hosts of human visceral infection. Parasites are transmitted by the bites of infected phlebotomine sand fly females (Diptera: Phlebotominae) with Phlebotomus perniciosus being the main vector in southwestern Europe [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Leishmania infection and exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus using minimal and non-invasive canine samples

Maia¹,

Cristóvão²,

Pereira³

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background: In endemic areas of zoonotic leishmaniosis caused by L. infantum, early detection of Leishmania infection in dogs is essential to control the dissemination of the parasite to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological and/or molecular diagnostic performance of minimally and non-invasive samples (conjunctiva cells (CS) and peripheral blood (PB)) for monitoring Leishmania infection/exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antigens in dogs at the beginning and the end of sand fly seasonal activity (May and October, respectively) and to assess associated risks factors. Methods:A total of 208 sheltered dogs from endemic areas of leishmaniosis were screened. Leishmania DNA detection in PB on filter paper and CS was performed by nested-PCR (nPCR), while the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was performed using IFAT and ELISA. The exposure to P. perniciosus salivary antigens (SGH, rSP01 and rSP03B + rSP01) was measured by ELISA.Results: Ninety-seven (46.6%) and 116 (55.8%) of the 208 dogs were positive to Leishmania antibodies or DNA by at least one test at the beginning and end of the sand fly season, respectively. IFAT and ELISA presented a substantial agreement in the serodiagnosis of leishmaniosis. Discrepant PB nPCR results were obtained between sampling points. Leishmania DNA was detected in CS of 72 dogs at the end of the phlebotomine season. The presence of antibodies to the parasite measured by ELISA was significantly higher in dogs presenting clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis at both sampling points. Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antibodies were detected in 179 (86.1%) and 198 (95.2%) of the screened dogs at the beginning and end of the phlebotomine season, respectively. Conclusions:The association between ELISA positivity and clinical signs suggests its usefulness to confirm a clinical suspicion. CS nPCR seems to be an effective and non-invasive method for assessing early exposure to the parasite. PB nPCR should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool to monitor Leishmania infection. The correlation between the levels of antibodies to P. perniciosus saliva and Leishmania antibodies suggests the use of a humoral response to sand fly salivary antigens as biomarkers of L. infantum infection.

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Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) diversity in the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan: 50 years on

Usarov,

Turitsin,

Sattarova

et al. 2024

Parasitol Res

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In Uzbekistan, the number of reported leishmaniasis cases is rising at the alarming rate. In this work, we studied the phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) diversity in the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan and compared it with the data obtained for the same area 50 years ago, when infection prevalence was reportedly low. We found that the implicated vector for zoonotic leishmaniasis, P. papatasi, remained eudominant; the proportion of implicated anthroponotic leishmaniasis vector, P. sergenti, rose significantly from averaged 5.4 to 41.4%; Phlebotomus alexandri, a suspected visceral leishmaniasis vector, was eudominant at two sites, and a second suspected vector for this disease, P. longiductus, was newly recorded in the region. We conclude that the increase in the documented cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan may be connected to the changes in fauna of sand flies vectoring Leishmania spp.

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Parasite Biology: The Vectors

Cited by 33 publications

References 229 publications

Experimental infections and co-infections with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum in two sand fly species, Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis

Experimental infections and co-infections with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum in two sand fly species, Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia longipalpis

Monitoring Leishmania infection and exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus using minimal and non-invasive canine samples

Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) diversity in the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan: 50 years on

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