Parasite richness and abundance within aquatic macroinvertebrates: testing the roles of host‐ and habitat‐level factors

McDevitt‐Galles, Travis; Calhoun, Dana M.; Johnson, Pieter T. J.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2188

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Another key difference between this study and many prior studies (e.g., Hechinger & Lafferty, 2005;McDevitt-Galles et al, 2018;Wood et al, 2018) is spatial scale. Most prior research on the relationship between host and parasite richness has been conducted across much larger spatial extents than our local field experiment (Kamiya et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2016; but see Rottstock et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Parasites are major contributors to global biodiversity, yet parasite diversity remains relatively underexplored, a problem that has spurred recent research into the drivers of parasite diversity within host communities (Dobson, Lafferty, Kuris, Hechinger, & Jetz, 2008; Johnson et al., 2016; Kamiya, O’Dwyer, Nakagawa, & Poulin, 2014; McDevitt‐Galles, Calhoun, & Johnson, 2018). Through this research within host communities, the positive relationship between host and parasite species richness has become one of the most consistently documented relationships in disease ecology (Hechinger & Lafferty, 2005; Johnson et al., 2016; Kamiya et al., 2014; Lafferty, 2012; Liu, Lyu, Zhou, & Bradshaw, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and species invasions modify the relationship between host and parasite richness during host community assembly

Halliday

Heckman

Wilfahrt

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and species invasions modify the relationship between host and parasite richness during host community assembly

Halliday

Heckman

Wilfahrt

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…A parallel development in SCR methods in recent years has been the inclusion of additional sources of information [28–32]. Where data sets are sparse and practical realities prohibit increasing the probability of detection, alternative sources of information can improve the accuracy and precision of parameter estimates [29,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-based validation of spatial capture-recapture models: A case study using mountain lions

et al. 2019

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Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have improved the ability to estimate densities of rare and elusive animals. However, SCR models have seldom been validated even as model formulations diversify and expand to incorporate new sampling methods and/or additional sources of information on model parameters. Information on the relationship between encounter probabilities, sources of additional information, and the reliability of density estimates, is rare but crucial to assessing reliability of SCR-based estimates. We used a simulation-based approach that incorporated prior empirical work to assess the accuracy and precision of density estimates from SCR models using spatially unstructured sampling. To assess the consequences of sparse data and potential sources of bias, we simulated data under six scenarios corresponding to three different levels of search effort and two levels of correlation between search effort and animal density. We then estimated density for each scenario using four models that included increasing amounts of information from harvested individuals and telemetry to evaluate the impact of additional sources of information. Model results were sensitive to the quantity of available information: density estimates based on low search effort were biased high and imprecise, whereas estimates based on high search effort were unbiased and precise. A correlation between search effort and animal density resulted in a positive bias in density estimates, though the bias decreased with increasingly informative datasets. Adding information from harvested individuals and telemetered individuals improved density estimates based on low and moderate effort but had negligible impact for datasets resulting from high effort. We demonstrated that density estimates from SCR models using spatially unstructured sampling are reliable when sufficient information is provided. Accurate density estimates can result if empirical-based simulations such as those presented here are used to develop study designs with appropriate amounts of effort and information sources.

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“…Alternatively, the increase in melanisation we measured in response to conspecifics, and to a larval dragonfly that acts as a top predator, Anax junius (Duong and McCauley, 2016), could be a response to an increased risk of parasitism as other larval dragonflies may be vectors of various pathogens (Siva-Jothy and Plaistow, 2001;Locklin and Vodopich, 2010;Johnston et al, 2015;Ilvonen et al, 2018;McDevitt-Galles et al, 2018). Regardless of the reason (wound healing or parasite risk), the response of individual L. intacta larvae to consistently increase melanisation in the presence of conspecifics, despite no known pathogens being present, has potential implications for disease ecology in aquatic communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics induces an increased immune response

Murray

Tah

Koprivnikar

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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1. Within‐population infectious disease dynamics depend on multiple factors, including the ability of hosts to mount an effective immune response. These immune responses can be highly plastic, responding to pathogen risk, as well as the ecological context in which pathogens are encountered. 2. High conspecific density can stimulate immune activity, and recent research suggests that predators can cause indirect protective effects in their prey through the induction of increased immune responses. Comparatively little work, however, has investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics, representing both increased density and predatory pressures, will have similar effects on immune expression. 3. Using dragonfly larvae, the present study investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics altered the melanisation of simulated parasites. 4. Increased levels of melanisation were found in larvae regardless of whether that conspecific had recently engaged in cannibalism or not. Melanisation also increased as conspecific density increased, even if the conspecifics present were small, and therefore unlikely to pose a cannibalism threat. 5. The findings obtained in the present study indicate that conspecific presence is sufficient to affect immune responses in these insects even though they are relatively solitary compared with the phase‐polyphenic taxa typically associated with density‐dependent prophylaxis. Because melanisation is also important for wound healing, we suggest that the increased melanin response observed with increased conspecific density might act to induce heightened immunity when faced with potentially increased risk of infection, and also facilitate wound healing under threat of predation/cannibalism.

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Parasite richness and abundance within aquatic macroinvertebrates: testing the roles of host‐ and habitat‐level factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 104 publications

Eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and species invasions modify the relationship between host and parasite richness during host community assembly

Eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and species invasions modify the relationship between host and parasite richness during host community assembly

Simulation-based validation of spatial capture-recapture models: A case study using mountain lions

Exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics induces an increased immune response

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