Parasite-specific antibody profile in human fascioliasis: application for immunodiagnosis of infection.

Maher, Kesmat; Ridi, Rashika El; Elhoda, Amal Nour; El-Ghannam, Maged; Shaheen, Hind I.; Shaker, Z; Hassanein, Hanaa

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.738

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, the cytokines elicited by different antigens also play a role in determining the main subclass of the antibody response (20). Our results are consistent with previous studies, irrespective of the antigen used, in demonstrating a low prevalence of IgG3 and IgG2 antibody isotype during the chronic stage of human fascioliasis (36,42,59). The finding of predominance of IgG1 and IgG4 over IgG2 is consistent with the theory that both antibody isotypes are especially prominent in infections caused by F. gigantica (59) when antigenic exposure is chronic (1,2) or associated with a T-helper-cell type-2 response (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Analysis of the isotypic responses of sera of fascioliasis patients to liver fluke tegumental extract revealed that the predominant antibodies elicited are IgG1 and IgG4, which are the antibody serotypes that also predominate against excretory-secretory products, crude whole-worm extract, and cathepsin-L1 (36,42,50,59). In contrast to other studies that found significantly higher levels of IgG4 than IgG1 in humans with chronic fascioliasis (42), in our study we found similar levels of both IgG antibodies, with mean IgG1 levels slightly higher than those of IgG4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Tegument Protein Extract for Serodiagnosis of Human Fascioliasis

Morales

Espino

2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Tegument protein extract from Fasciola hepatica adult flukes (FhTA) was obtained and assessed for its potential as a diagnostic agent for the serological detection of human fascioliasis using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an analysis of sera from 45 patients infected with F. hepatica, sera from 41 patients with other parasitic infections, and sera from 33 healthy controls, the FhTA-ELISA showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 91.1%, 97.3%, and 95%, respectively. Specific IgG1 and IgG4 were the antibody isotypes mainly detected in sera from patients with fascioliasis. Polypeptides of 52, 38, 24 to 26, and 12 to 14 kDa were identified by Western blotting as the most immunoreactive components of the FhTA. A proteomic approach led us to identify enolase, aldolase, glutathione S-transferase, and fatty acid binding protein as the major immunoreactive components of the FhTA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Tegument Protein Extract for Serodiagnosis of Human Fascioliasis

Morales

Espino

2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…Our contrary results may be explained by the fact that helminthic infections increase anti-IgG4 antibodies in correlation with intensity [27]–[30] and these individuals in the borderline might be at an initial stage of infection or the burden of parasite is low; however, this cannot be ascertained because we do not possess the precise infection levels of the Fasciola-infected individuals from our panel (only presence or absence of eggs were determined). Furthermore, the samples used by O'Neill et al [18] were obtained from the field and analyzed by anti-IgG4 ELISA using native cathepsin L1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Most importantly, this recombinant contained a single amino acid substitution, replacing the active site Cys25 with Gly, with a consequential ablation of functional activity without altering conformation [26] which made the enzyme much more stable in the fermentation and downstream isolation process. Furthermore, because active cathepsin L1 can cleave antibody molecules [6], [25], [27] this modification ensured that the enzyme did not degrade primary and secondary antibodies used in the ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Using Recombinant Cathepsin L Protease

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFascioliasis is a worldwide parasitic disease of domestic animals caused by helminths of the genus Fasciola. In many parts of the world, particularly in poor rural areas where animal disease is endemic, the parasite also infects humans. Adult parasites reside in the bile ducts of the host and therefore diagnosis of human fascioliasis is usually achieved by coprological examinations that search for parasite eggs that are carried into the intestine with the bile juices. However, these methods are insensitive due to the fact that eggs are released sporadically and may be missed in low-level infections, and fasciola eggs may be misclassified as other parasites, leading to problems with specificity. Furthermore, acute clinical symptoms as a result of parasites migrating to the bile ducts appear before the parasite matures and begins egg laying. A human immune response to Fasciola antigens occurs early in infection. Therefore, an immunological method such as ELISA may be a more reliable, easy and cheap means to diagnose human fascioliasis than coprological analysis.Methodology/Principal findingsUsing a panel of serum from Fasciola hepatica-infected patients and from uninfected controls we have optimized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which employs a recombinant form of the major F. hepatica cathepsin L1 as the antigen for the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. We examined the ability of the ELISA test to discern fascioliasis from various other helminth and non-helminth parasitic diseases.Conclusions/SignificanceA sensitive and specific fascioliasis ELISA test has been developed. This test is rapid and easy to use and can discriminate fasciola-infected individuals from patients harbouring other parasites with at least 99.9% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity. This test will be a useful standardized method not only for testing individual samples but also in mass screening programs to assess the extent of human fascioliasis in regions where this zoonosis is suspected.

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“…In our study, experimentally induced fascioliasis provoked an increase of plasma IgG levels directed against F. hepatica from 4 weeks postinfection. Specific hypergammaglobulinaemia is generally considered to reflect the host's immune response to fluke antigens released during the course of F. hepatica infection, and has been reported to develop in humans (Maher et al 1999;Carnevale et al 2001) and in different reservoir hosts (Ferre et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic imaging in sheep hepatic fascioliasis: ultrasound, computer tomography and magnetic resonance findings

Gonzalo-Orden

Millán

Álvarez

et al. 2003

Parasitology Research

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Radiological features and biochemical changes were investigated during the parenchymal and ductal phases of chronic Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep. The activities of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), plasma levels of IgG anti- F. hepatica and serial ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were studied in eight sheep infected with 150 F. hepatica metacercariae. Experimental fluke infection provoked an increase in plasma level of IgG directed against F. hepatica and in plasma LDH and AST activities from 4 weeks after infection. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ from the baseline after 15 and 12 weeks for LDH and AST, respectively. GGT activity increased from 9 weeks postinfection and still remained significantly elevated at 18 weeks. In the parenchymal phase, both CT and MRI showed nodular lesions in five animals and MRI could also detect early tracks in the subcapsular area in three sheep. Ultrasound findings were nonspecific in this phase. Ductal dilatation was shown by ultrasound, CT and MRI in almost all animals, although MRI was inferior to CT in depicting a mild ductal dilatation. Moving echogenic forms in the dilated bile ducts were observed by ultrasound from 9 weeks postinfection in seven of the eight sheep. Moving worms were only demonstrated in four sheep at CT and in a single sheep at MRI. This study shows that radiological findings may be useful in studies of fluke-induced liver damage.

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Parasite-specific antibody profile in human fascioliasis: application for immunodiagnosis of infection.

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation and Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Tegument Protein Extract for Serodiagnosis of Human Fascioliasis

Evaluation and Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Tegument Protein Extract for Serodiagnosis of Human Fascioliasis

The Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Using Recombinant Cathepsin L Protease

Diagnostic imaging in sheep hepatic fascioliasis: ultrasound, computer tomography and magnetic resonance findings

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