Parasites and allergy: a case of more means less and less means more?

Cooper, Philip J.; Amoah, Abena S.

doi:10.1111/pim.12629

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although some studies support the use of FeNO in tropical regions [ 75 , 76 ], more research is still required in patients in those environments to evaluate the role of perennial allergenic exposure and nematode active infections in FeNO measurements [ 77 ]. In conclusion, FeNO is a very useful tool in clinical practice that helps to better define the phenotype of asthmatic patients and to monitor the success of treatment and the adherence of the patient, and from the molecular perspective, it is a good indicative of the overexpression of IL-4 and IL-13.…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Feno Elevation In Type ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Cellular Sources of the Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) and Its Role as a Biomarker of Type 2 Inflammation in Asthma

Escamilla-Gil

Fernández‐Nieto

Acevedo

2022

BioMed Research International

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Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has gained great clinical importance as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in chronic airway diseases such as asthma. FeNO originates primarily in the bronchial epithelium and is produced in large quantities by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It should be noted that nitric oxide (NO) produced at femtomolar to picomolar levels is fundamental for respiratory physiology. This basal production is induced in the bronchial epithelium by interferon gamma (IFNγ) via Janus kinases (JAK)/STAT-1 signaling. However, when there is an increase in the expression of type 2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, the STAT-6 pathway is activated, leading to overexpression of iNOS and consequently to an overproduction of airway NO. Increased NO levels contributes to bronchial hyperreactivity and mucus hypersecretion, increases vascular permeability, reduces ciliary heartbeat, and promotes free radical production, airway inflammation, and tissue damage. In asthmatic patients, FeNO levels usually rise above 25 parts per billion (ppb) and its follow-up helps to define asthma phenotype and to monitor the effectiveness of corticosteroid treatment and adherence to treatment. FeNO is also very useful to identify those severe asthma patients that might benefit of personalized therapies with monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we revised the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NO production in the airway and its relevance as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in asthma.

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Section: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Feno Elevation In Type ...mentioning

confidence: 99%