Parasites, microbiota and metabolic disease

Bhattacharjee, Sonakshi; Kalbfuß, Nils; Costa, Clarissa Prazeres da

doi:10.1111/pim.12390

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In addition, the gut microbiota plays crucial roles in resisting the invasion and clearance of pathogenic microorganisms (15). Previous studies have shown that infectious diarrhea, such as that caused by Salmonella, Escherichia coli, parasites and viruses, is usually accompanied by changes in the intestinal flora (16)(17)(18)(19). However, it remains unclear whether the gut microbiota in mice can be influenced by S. flexneri infection.…”

Section: Dynamic Comparison Of Gut Microbiota Of Mice Infected With Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic comparison of gut microbiota of mice infected with Shigella�flexneri via two different infective routes

Yang

Chen²,

Xia³

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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Shigella is one of the main pathogens causing diarrheal disease, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Previous clinical data and animal studies have shown that the outcomes of oral and peritoneal infections of Shigella differ, and that the latter is more serious. Furthermore, a variety of pathogenic bacteria are known to cause changes in intestinal flora after infection, and the influence of Shigella infection on intestinal flora remains poorly understood. In the present study, the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing method was used to compare the changes in gut microbiota profiles in feces of mice infected with Shigella via two routes. In addition, the present study investigated the association between the differences in infection performance and bacterial communities. The present results suggested that the intraperitoneal route induced a distinct decrease in α-diversity in the fecal microbiota when compared to the control at a later time, while the effect of the oral route on α-diversity was not obvious. Oral infection of Shigella had a rapid and significant effect on gut microbiota, mainly causing a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus and an increased abundance of Prevotella and Escherichia/Shigella in the early stage of infection. By contrast, the effect of intraperitoneal infection on the gut microbiota was relatively slow and small. The principal coordinate analysis results suggested that the dynamic profile of gut microbiota between the two infective routes was consistent with the infection process. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Faecalitalea exhibited significantly reduced abundance after Shigella infection. Collectively, the present results suggested that gut microbiota may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Shigella infection. Future studies should investigate the effect of Shigella infection on the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and intestinal flora. The present results suggested that the use of probiotics may facilitate the prevention and treatment of shigellosis.

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Section: Dynamic Comparison Of Gut Microbiota Of Mice Infected With Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic comparison of gut microbiota of mice infected with Shigella�flexneri via two different infective routes

Yang

Chen²,

Xia³

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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“…On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle and anemia have the potential to increase DM risk. Additionally, the mediating role of helminth-induced shifts in the gut microbiome composition remains to be determined [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

et al. 2018

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BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries are facing a dual disease burden with infectious diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal tract infections) and non-communicable diseases (e.g., diabetes) being common. For instance, chronic parasite infections lead to altered immune regulatory networks, anemia, malnutrition, and diarrhea with an associated shift in the gut microbiome. These can all be pathways of potential relevance for insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between common gastrointestinal tract infections and glycemia in children from non-fee paying schools in South Africa.MethodologyWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 9- to 14-year-old school children in Port Elizabeth. Stool and urine samples were collected to assess infection status with parasitic worms (e.g., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, and Trichuris trichiura), intestinal protozoa (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis), and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured in finger prick derived capillary blood. All children at schools with a high prevalence of helminth infections and only infected children at the schools with low infection rates were treated with albendazole. The association of anthelmintic treatment with changes in HbA1c 6 months after the drug intervention was also investigated.FindingsA high prevalence of 71.8% of prediabetes was measured in this group of children, with only 27.8% having HbA1c in the normal range. H. pylori was the predominant infectious agent and showed an independent positive association with HbA1c in a multivariable regression analysis (β = 0.040, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.006–0.073, p<0.05). No association of HbA1c with either any other infectious agent or albendazole administration was found.ConclusionThe role of H. pylori in diabetes needs confirmation in the context of longitudinal treatment interventions. The specific effect of other gastrointestinal tract infections on glycemia remains unclear. Future studies should integrate the measurement of biomarkers, including immunological parameters, to shed light on the potential mediating mechanisms between parasite infections and diabetes.

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“…Some helminths are known to have far-reaching effects on the human immune system (1), and it is possible that some of these effects are mediated by changes in the gut microbiota (2). Changes in intestinal bacterial communities have been associated with both inflammatory diseases (3) and some helminth infections (4)(5)(6), all of which may interact (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in animal models and veterinary species provide evidence that the presence of intestinal helminths in the host can be associated with alterations in microbial communities, though the changes seen are not consistent across species of hosts and parasites (5,6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Changes in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (the two most common phyla in the human gut [17]) are frequently discussed in this body of literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya

Easton

Quiñones

Vujkovic-Cvijin

et al. 2019

mBio

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Murine studies suggest that the presence of some species of intestinal helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity. However, studies in humans have produced varied conclusions, and the impact appears to vary widely depending on the helminth species present. To demonstrate how molecular approaches to the human gut microbiome can provide insights into the complex interplay among disparate organisms, DNA was extracted from cryopreserved stools collected from residents of 5 rural Kenyan villages prior to and 3 weeks and 3 months following albendazole (ALB) therapy. Samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of 8 species of intestinal parasites and by MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on pretreatment results, the presence of neither Ascaris lumbricoides nor Necator americanus infection significantly altered the overall diversity of the microbiota in comparison with age-matched controls. Following ALB therapy and clearance of soil-transmitted helminths (STH), there were significant increases in the proportion of the microbiota made up by Clostridiales (P = 0.0002; average fold change, 0.57) and reductions in the proportion made up by Enterobacteriales (P = 0.0004; average fold change, −0.58). There was a significant posttreatment decrease in Chao1 richness, even among individuals who were uninfected pretreatment, suggesting that antimicrobial effects must be considered in any posttreatment setting. Nevertheless, the helminth-associated changes in Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales suggest that clearance of STH, and of N. americanus in particular, alters the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome is an important factor in human health. It is affected by what we eat, what medicines we take, and what infections we acquire. In turn, it affects the way we absorb nutrients and whether we have excessive intestinal inflammation. Intestinal worms may have an important impact on the composition of the gut microbiome. Without a complete understanding of the impact of mass deworming programs on the microbiome, it is impossible to accurately calculate the cost-effectiveness of such public health interventions and to guard against any possible deleterious side effects. Our research examines this question in a “real-world” setting, using a longitudinal cohort, in which individuals with and without worm infections are treated with deworming medication and followed up at both three weeks and three months posttreatment. We quantify the impact of roundworms and hookworms on gut microbial composition, suggesting that the impact is small, but that treatment of hookworm infection results in significant changes. This work points to the need for follow-up studies to further examine the impact of hookworm on the gut microbiota and determine the health consequences of the observed changes.

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Parasites, microbiota and metabolic disease

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

Dynamic comparison of gut microbiota of mice infected with Shigella�flexneri via two different infective routes

Dynamic comparison of gut microbiota of mice infected with Shigella�flexneri via two different infective routes

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya

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