Parasites of Bison in Northwestern U.S.A.

Locker, Betty

doi:10.2307/3274060

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Dictyocaulus sp. has been reported from a few animals in Wood Buffalo National Park (Fuller 1961), from the National Bison Range (Locker 1953), from Elk Island National Park (Conner and Cornell 1958), and from a fenced herd in Kansas (Frick 1951). (Barmore 1968 Fuller (1961), are the only other likely predators of bison in Yellowstone.…”

Section: Population Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bison of Yellowstone National Park

Meagher¹

1973

144

126

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Records from live-trapping operations in 1964-66 provided sex and age structure information. The records suggested that female survival was favored during the calf year, but that male survival was favored the next 3 years of life, after which differential survival could not be distinguished from the records. Adult bulls outnumbered adult cows, but this could be attributed to earlier reductions. Age classes of the wintering population in the Mary Mountain area in 1964-65 were: calves, 16%; yearlings, 11%; 2.5-year-olds, 6%; 3.5-year-olds, 5%; and adults, 62%. These may change somewhat after a period with no reductions. Observed spring calf percentages of mixed herd numbers for 3 of 5 years were 19-20%. Percentages of total population were approximately 11%. These percentages may also change if reductions are not made. Significant mortality of calves at birth or just before or after was suggested by limited data. Thereafter, little mortality occurred during the first year. Nearly half the calves which survived into their first winter died before 2.5 years of age. Recruitment into the population occurred with survival to 3 years of age. Population trends suggested that increases in the population were often very slow. Reductions by man apparently were not the sole factor which caused population decreases nor retarded increases. Parasites, diseases, predation, and emigration were not important. Environmental factors culminating in usual and more-than-usual winter mortality appeared important. Herd groups followed definite patterns of seasonal movement. Spring migrations to summer ranges, occurring by the second week of June, appeared to be influenced by weather patterns and temperatures rather than snow melt or vegetation changes. Temporary fall movements occurred in conjunction with fall storms at higher elevations; final movements to winter ranges occurred by mid-November. Bull movements were somewhat more irregular. Movements and distribution on summer range areas appeared more influenced by the presence of biting flies than by possible factors of breeding activity and vegetation changes. A species of Symphoromyia of the Rhagionidae was implicated. Mixing and interchange between population subunits resulted in designation of three herds according to their use of winter range areas. These three subunits formed two breeding populations in summer. Little contact occurred between members of these two populations at any time. The limited neckband information on marked adult cows suggested that they have an affinity for a given winter range regardless of summer movements. Temporary shifts of population segments from one winter range to another have occurred. Thus, although no population segment is isolated from another, the three exist as fairly separate entities in terms of winter range. This may explain the lack of population emigration to and reestablishment on unoccupied ranges either within or outside the park since historic times. Analysis of 22 rumen samples showed that sedge was the most important forage item. S...

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Section: Population Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McHugh (1958) studied behavior of bison in Yellowstone. Rush (1932a), Tunnicliff and Marsh (1935), and Locker (1953) published information on parasites and disease. Cahalane (1944) summarized the history of the introduced herd and management practices as of that date.…”

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confidence: 99%

The bison of Yellowstone National Park

Meagher¹

1973

144

126

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“…In North America, Fasciola hepatica is commonly found in domestic ruminants also but is uncommon in wild ruminants (Pybus, 2001). In bison Fasciola hepatica has been reported from one American bison in Montana, USA (Locker, 1953) and one American bison in Wyoming, USA (Bergstrom, 1967). The American bison is a native ruminant of North America and is a host of numerous parasites that also infect a variety of other wild and domestic ruminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection with Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in the European bison (Bison bonasus) in Białowieża National Park, Poland

Kiziewicz

2013

Helminthologia

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The aim of our study was to determine prevalence of appearance of Fasciola hepatica L. The most extensive invasion of fascioliasis was observed in adult animals (21.9 %). We pay attention that between infected animals were calves 13 (7.3 %). Conclusions: The obtained results referring to infection of bison within the Białowieża National Park, Poland of F. hepatica are very interesting. The epidemiological importance of these finding is evident, demonstrating the fascioliasis expansion in restricted or protected areas, as National Parks such as Białowieża National Park, habitat of this wild host, and where no domestic animals are present.

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“…Previous research on YNP bison has been presented by Meagher (1973), McHugh (1958), Locker (1953, Tunnicliff andMarsh (1935), andRush (1932).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%