Parasites, People and Policy: Infectious Diseases and the Millennium Development Goals

ロバート, メイ

doi:10.5363/tits.12.2_56

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This exemplifies how the combined effect of genetic admixture and environmental factors has the potential to affect genetic associations. Indeed, poor socioeconomic conditions represent a risk factor for several infectious diseases (Baker et al, 2012;Braveman, 2011;Franco-Paredes et al, 2007;May, 2007;Semenza, 2010). Thus, possible environmental confounders must be accounted for to avoid spurious associations or loss of statistical power.…”

Section: Sample Size Population Structure and Environmental Confounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches

Mozzi

Pontremoli

Sironi

2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes >2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens.

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Section: Sample Size Population Structure and Environmental Confounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches

Mozzi

Pontremoli

Sironi

2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…New research tools are urgently needed to combat the neglected global disease of schistosomiasis [ 1 , 2 ], which is caused by blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma . Over 200 million people across Africa, Asia, and South America are infected and recent reevaluation of disability-adjusted life year estimates indicates that schistosomes are a major global burden [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic linkage map of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

et al. 2009

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Background: Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke that infects approximately 90 million people. The complete life cycle of this parasite can be maintained in the laboratory, making this one of the few experimentally tractable human helminth infections, and a rich literature reveals heritable variation in important biomedical traits such as virulence, host-specificity, transmission and drug resistance. However, there is a current lack of tools needed to study S. mansoni's molecular, quantitative, and population genetics. Our goal was to construct a genetic linkage map for S. mansoni, and thus provide a new resource that will help stimulate research on this neglected pathogen.

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“…Strong natural selection early in life, from infectious diseases and interacting effects of nutritional status, is expected to sustain substantial negative effects on health in later life Survivorship curves for poor, third-world human populations, and hunter-gatherer populations, drop precipitously from birth, with about 50% of children lost before the ages of 10-15 (Gurven et al 2007;May 2007; see also Metcalf and Pavard 2007). Most of this mortality occurs in infancy, or soon after weaning, from infectious diseases and interactions of disease risk with poor nutrition (Wells 2009).…”

Section: Human Adaptations and Disease Risks Have Evolved Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of human‐evolutionary medical genomics

Crespi

2010

Evolutionary Applications

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In this review, I describe how evolutionary genomics is uniquely suited to spearhead advances in understanding human disease risk, owing to the privileged position of genes as fundamental causes of phenotypic variation, and the ability of population genetic and phylogenetic methods to robustly infer processes of natural selection, drift, and mutation from genetic variation at the levels of family, population, species, and clade. I first provide an overview of models for the origins and maintenance of genetically based disease risk in humans. I then discuss how analyses of genetic disease risk can be dovetailed with studies of positive and balancing selection, to evaluate the degree to which the ‘genes that make us human’ also represent the genes that mediate risk of polygenic disease. Finally, I present four basic principles for the nascent field of human evolutionary medical genomics, each of which represents a process that is nonintuitive from a proximate perspective. Joint consideration of these principles compels novel forms of interdisciplinary analyses, most notably studies that (i) analyze tradeoffs at the level of molecular genetics, and (ii) identify genetic variants that are derived in the human lineage or in specific populations, and then compare individuals with derived versus ancestral alleles.

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Parasites, People and Policy: Infectious Diseases and the Millennium Development Goals

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches

Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches

Genomic linkage map of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

The emergence of human‐evolutionary medical genomics

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