Parasitic Disease Surveillance, Mississippi, USA

Bradbury, Richard S.; Lane, Meredith; Arguello, Irene; Handali, Sukwan; Cooley, Gretchen; Pilotte, Nils; Williams, John M.; Jameson, Sam; Montgomery, Susan P.; Hellmann, Kathryn; Tharp, Michelle; Haynie, Lisa; Galloway, Regina; Brackin, Bruce; Kirmse, Brian; Stempak, Lisa; Byers, Paul; Williams, Steven A.; Faruque, Fazlay; Hobbs, Charlotte V.

doi:10.3201/eid2708.204318

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For population-based surveillance, the UMMC source population was defined as residents of a 16-county area including the state capitol of Jackson, Mississippi, for whom UMMC is the nearest acute care hospital, based on prior convenience sample surveillance studies. 5 According to 2019 bridged US Census estimates, racial and ethnic composition of the 16-county area (population, 1,080,808) was 49% non-Hispanic Black, 46% non-Hispanic White, and 5% Hispanic or other race/ethnicity. 6 References to Black and White race herein refer to non-Hispanic Black and White, specifically.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The University of Mississippi Medical Center provides clinical laboratory services for university hospitals in central Mississippi and associated university network clinics statewide (5). Beginning in May 2020, residual serum and plasma from patient blood specimens submitted to the UMMC central laboratory for diagnostic testing were collected for those <18 years of age.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Surveillance With Seroprevalence-based Infection Rates Indicates Racial Disparities With Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Requiring Hospitalization in Mississippi, March 2020–February 2021

Hobbs

Kim

Vemula

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been reported. However, these reports have been based on incomplete data relying on passive reporting, unknown catchment populations, and unknown infection prevalence. We aimed to characterize population-based incidence of MIS-C and COVID-19 hospitalizations among non-Hispanic Black and White children using active surveillance based on seroprevalence-based cumulative incidence of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection in a defined catchment 16-county area of Mississippi. Methods: Active, population-based surveillance for MIS-C and acute COVID-19 hospitalizations meeting clinical and laboratory criteria was conducted by adjudicating clinicians at the major pediatric referral hospital for Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, from March 2020, to February 2021. Race-stratified SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated using convenience samples from persons <18 years to calculate cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population. Results: Thirty-eight MIS-C cases and 74 pediatric acute COVID-19 hospitalizations were identified. Cumulative incidence of MIS-C was 4.7 times higher among Black compared with White children (40.7 versus 8.3 cases per 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections). Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization was 62.3 among Black and 33.1 among White children per 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conclusions: From the same catchment area, active surveillance, and cumulative incidence of infection estimated by seroprevalence, we show strikingly higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2-hospitalization and MIS-C in non-Hispanic Black children compared with White children before COVID-19 vaccination introduction in children. These disparities in SARS-CoV-2 manifestations cannot be accounted for by differences in exposure or testing. Targeted vaccine interventions will lessen disparities observed with SARS-CoV-2 manifestations in children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Active Surveillance With Seroprevalence-based Infection Rates Indicates Racial Disparities With Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Requiring Hospitalization in Mississippi, March 2020–February 2021

Hobbs

Kim

Vemula

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…2 Two recent studies from Mississippi found little evidence of STH infection in stool and serology from 166 children living in the Mississippi delta and from patients treated at a Mississippi medical center. 10,11 Sixteen percent (331/ 2,056) of all pediatric visits for helminth infections during our study time period occurred in the Black Belt, which is proportionate to the 15% of Medicaid-eligible children in Alabama reported to live in those same counties during 2017, 8 suggesting that residence in a Black Belt county may be less important compared with other factors when determining STH risk. Evidence remains insufficient to determine the degree to which STH endemicity exists in Alabama.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Pediatric Medicaid Visits for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Black Belt Region—Alabama, 2010–2018

Sánchez

Blackstock

Davidson

2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Areas of rural Alabama may be at risk for re-emergence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) where environmental conditions are favorable for STH transmission, including in the agricultural Black Belt region. We describe pediatric Medicaid STH visits in Alabama and compare STH visit rates in Black Belt counties with those of non-Black Belt counties. Alabama Medicaid visit claims among children aged 0–18 years who received an STH diagnosis during January 2010–December 2018 were examined. STH-related pediatric visits were uncommon, but several counties with higher STH rates were identified. Visit rates did not differ meaningfully when comparing Black Belt with non-Black Belt region counties (rate ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.73–1.64). Additional studies examining STH prevalence among children living in communities at risk for STH in Alabama can further clarify STH burden and identify communities experiencing environmental and sanitation conditions favorable to STH endemicity.

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“…There is an endemic pattern to the incidence and prevalence of strongyloidiasis in the USA. It has been noticed that outbreaks have occurred in the Northeastern and Southeast regions of the USA,1–3 as a result of inadequate sanitation in underprivileged and marginalised communities 4. Immunosuppressive medications, pregnancy, cancer, HIV infection, malnutrition and alcoholism are risk factors for developing strongyloidiasis 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RecurrentKlebsiellabacteremia due to chronic strongyloidiasis in the context of cirrhotic hepatopulmonary syndrome

Morris,

Mosher,

McKeon

et al. 2023

BMJ Case Rep

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A woman in her 50s with a medical history of cirrhosis, alcohol use disorder, primary biliary cholangitis and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)Klebsiellapresented with weakness, cough and abdominal pain with positive blood cultures for ESBLKlebsiella, and was treated with intravenous meropenem and patient symptoms improved. Testing forStrongyloidesantibodies was positive, so she was treated with ivermectin. Strongyloidiasis-associated Gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia are rare conditions; however, it is important to consider an underlying strongyloidiasis in recurrent GNR bacteremia to prevent recurrent hospitalisation and morbidity.

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Parasitic Disease Surveillance, Mississippi, USA

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Active Surveillance With Seroprevalence-based Infection Rates Indicates Racial Disparities With Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Requiring Hospitalization in Mississippi, March 2020–February 2021

Active Surveillance With Seroprevalence-based Infection Rates Indicates Racial Disparities With Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Requiring Hospitalization in Mississippi, March 2020–February 2021

Pediatric Medicaid Visits for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Black Belt Region—Alabama, 2010–2018

RecurrentKlebsiellabacteremia due to chronic strongyloidiasis in the context of cirrhotic hepatopulmonary syndrome

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