Parasitic infections in a closed community

Yoeli, Meir; Most, Harry; Hammond, Jack; Scheinesson, George P.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(72)90091-0

Cited by 42 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Four occurrence points reported from the literature represent institutional settings in Staten Island, New York, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; S. stercoralis suitability in Staten Island approached 0.5, at 0.476 and was less than 0.2 in Philadelphia. It is generally known that the risk of strongyloidiasis is greater for residents of institutional settings and our findings combined with the literature highlight that even in a moderately hospitable climate, where anthropogenic conditions permit, strongyloidiasis can thrive, meriting special care in those settings (Yoeli et al, 1972;Braun et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Modeling strongyloidiasis risk in the United States

Singer

Sarkar

2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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To provide a spatial risk assessment for the neglected disease strongyloidiasis in the United States by prioritizing areas with high probability of Strongyloides stercoralis presence and to offer recommendations for targeted screening and surveillance. Methods: The risk assessment was based on a species distribution model with parasite occurrence data and ecologically important environmental variables as input and local habitat suitability for the species as output. The model used a maximum entropy algorithm and occurrence records and environmental data from public sources. This ecological risk assessment was coupled to socioeconomic factors using multi-criteria analysis. Results: The model predicts suitable habitat for the parasite in ten states beyond the southeastern United States where it has been recorded including states in the south, east and northeast, and west coasts. Conclusions: We recommend strongyloidiasis should be reportable in 16 states at high risk and uniform, near universal solid organ transplant screening should be implemented alongside approaches to heighten clinical suspicion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Modeling strongyloidiasis risk in the United States

Singer

Sarkar

2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…It is the most frequently diagnosed cestode infection in the United States43; hymenolepiasis nana was diagnosed in 0.4% of 216,000 stool specimens submitted to state diagnostic laboratories during 1987.26 Epidemics may occur in orphanages, institutions for the mentally retarded, and other closed communities where fecal-oral transmission is likely. 52 Humans are the natural reservoir of infection with the human strain; rodentadapted strains are also found. Eggs passed in the feces are immediately infective.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapeworms (Cestodiasis)

Schantz

1996

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

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“…1 *dated by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) and the Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSRO) for formal outcome-based quality assessment methods applicable to ambulatory as well as hospital care, an approach has been developed that has proven practical, reliable, and valid, based on studies spanning more than 15 years. [4][5][6][7][8] This approach, known as health accounting, is made up of five stages: 1) priority setting, 2) initial outcome assessment, 3) definitive assessment and improvement planning, 4) improvement action, 5) and outcome reassessment. 4 The main responsibility for conducting the health accounting study is assumed by the health accountant, a non-medical evaluation assistant, under the direction of a physician coordinator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic disease control in a residential facility for the mentally retarded.

Thacker¹,

Simpson²,

Gordon³

et al. 1979

Am J Public Health

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Asymptomatic infection with either Entameba histolytica or Giardia lamblia was found in 61 per cent of the residents of a dormitory in an institution for the mentally retarded; two other dormitories had rates of 20 per cent and 22 per cent. Drug therapy was successfully undertaken in all three dormitories, and environmental improvements were introduced in the heavily infected dormitory. A oneyear follow-up showed a reduction in parasitic disease in two dormitories but, in the most heavily infected dormitory, infection had returned to pretreatment levels. (Am J Public Health 69:1279-1281, 1979 Amebiasis and giardiasis continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in institutions for the mentally retarded.'-6 Prevalence is usually in the range of 20-40 per cent; there is one report of a 64 per cent prevalence for Entameba histolytica.7 Prevalence is estimated at less than five per cent for the general population. " 8 Parasitic infection among institutionalized populations has been controlled with a broad range of drug therapy and environmental modification, but eradication has never been effectively attained. 6, 9. 10 Reports on the effect of sanitary measures alone are contradictory.3'"In the fall of 1976, a seven-year-old girl was admitted to an acute-care hospital in Washington, DC with amebic dysentery. The girl had recently been living in a facility housing about 1,000 mentally retarded residents. Stools from 10 other children living in the dormitory of the index case showed six children positive for either amebiasis or giardiasis. An investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of pathologic parasitic disease and to evaluate the effect of drug therapy and environmental hygienic measures on the control of parasitic disease. Three stools of all children and staff in the index dormitory (A) and the residents of two other dormitories (B, C) were examined for ova and parasites, as were stools from a group of 21 volunteer workers in the index dormitory.Raw-stool and methiolate-formalin (MIF)-preserved12 specimens were delivered twice daily, on the same day passed, to a private parasitology laboratory over a fourmonth period. All MIF-prepared samples were accessioned and examined, utilizing the MIF-direct and -concentration techniques.'3 Raw samples from specimens positive for intestinal protozoa were then stained by the Lawless rapid stain technique'4 for confirmation. Posttreatment specimens were collected only in MIF and were examined similarly.Any resident found to have stools positive for E. histolytica or Giardia lamblia was treated with diiodohydroxyquin (650 mg, TID x 20 days) or quinacrine hydrochloride (100 mg, TID x 7 days), respectively. Patients with mixed infection were treated with metronidazole (35-50 mg/kg of body weight/24 hours, in three divided doses x 10 days). Four weeks after the end of therapy, three follow-up stools collected once weekly were done on each resident. Therapeutic failures were treated with metronidazole; employees were treated by their private physic...

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Parasitic infections in a closed community

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling strongyloidiasis risk in the United States

Modeling strongyloidiasis risk in the United States

Tapeworms (Cestodiasis)

Parasitic disease control in a residential facility for the mentally retarded.

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