Parasitism of oospores of Phytophthora erythroseptica in soil

Park

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

et al. 2015

Section: Biological Control Of Oomycetes and Mechanisms Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Oomycetous Plant Pathogens: A Review

Park

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

et al. 2015

“…There are known hyperparasites of important plant pathogens which have not been explored as biocontrol agents because of this reason. Oospores of the potato pathogen Phytophthora erythroseptica , for example, were found to be infected with Hyphochytriun catenoides and Rhizidiomyces japonicus in waterlogged soils in England (Wynn and Epton, 1979 ). Given the global importance of Phytophthora spp.…”

Section: Size Control Of Host Populations By Hyperparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological functions of zoosporic hyperparasites

et al. 2014

Zoosporic parasites have received increased attention during the last years, but it is still largely unnoted that these parasites can themselves be infected by hyperparasites. Some members of the Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Cryptomycota, Hyphochytriomycota, Labyrinthulomycota, Oomycota, and Phytomyxea are hyperparasites of zoosporic hosts. Because of sometimes complex tripartite interactions between hyperparasite, their parasite-host, and the primary host, hyperparasites can be difficult to detect and monitor. Some of these hyperparasites use similar mechanisms as their parasite-hosts to find and infect their target and to access food resources. The life cycle of zoosporic hyperparasites is usually shorter than the life cycle of their hosts, so hyperparasites may accelerate the turnaround times of nutrients within the ecosystem. Hyperparasites may increase the complexity of food webs and play significant roles in regulating population sizes and population dynamics of their hosts. We suggest that hyperparasites lengthen food chains but can also play a role in conducting or suppressing diseases of animals, plants, or algae. Hyperparasites can significantly impact ecosystems in various ways, therefore it is important to increase our understanding about these cryptic and diverse organisms.

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

“…Parasites of the thick-walled resting spores of other pathogens such as P y t h i u m, Phytophthora and Aphanomyces spp. have been known but neglected for some decades; they are attracting attention once again as potential biocontrol agents (Ayers & Lumsden 1977;Sneh et al 1977;Wynn & Epton 1979;Humble & Lockwood 1981). Several of these control agents are host-dependent; so they would need to be introduced where the population levels of their hosts (the pathogens) are uniformly high, but they could subsequently help to maintain lower pathogen populations.…”

Section: Soil-borne Inoculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens with introduced inocula

Deacon

1988

Despite more than 60 years of research on biocontrol of plant pathogens, introduced inocula of only two control agents are used widely and successfully against soil-borne or root-infecting pathogens in current commercial practice. Several others are undergoing exploratory commercial development or are used on a limited or local commercial scale. This review adopts a critical approach to the strategies for control of soil-borne pathogens with applied antagonists, and identifies some areas in which rapid developments could occur. In most instances it will be necessary to combine the use of microbial inocula with management practices designed to minimize disease losses. Also, in most instances, biocontrol strategies should be targeted against small pathogen populations, to prevent or delay the build up of disease, rather than to control existing high levels of pathogens. Natural, rapid senescence of cereal root cortices, which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, offers prospects for developing the use of weak parasites for control of take-all disease, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici . Recent studies on biocontrol of take-all by the fungus Microdochium bolleyi are presented, and special emphasis is given to the strategies most likely to be of value for take-all control.