Parasitism of Trees by Marmosets in a Central Brazilian Gallery Forest

Lacher, Thomas E.; Fonseca, Gustavo; Alves, Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas; Magalhães-Castro, B.

doi:10.2307/2388053

Cited by 114 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Gibbons and siamangs [Tenaza, 1975], titi monkeys [Ma son, 1968] and owl monkeys [Wright, 1984] seem to typify the first mechanism, marmo sets the second. Little is known so far about marmosets, especially species of the genus Callilhrix, in their natural environment [Hubrecht, 1984a[Hubrecht, , 1985Lacher et al, 1981Lacher et al, , 1984Maier et al, 1982;Rylands, 1981;Stevenson, 1978]. The available naturalistic data are consistent with the more extensive findings on captive groups which have fo cussed primarily on the social dynamics and their underlying behavioral and endocrino logical mechanisms [Abbott, 1984;Abbott and Hearn, 1978;Epple, 1975a;Evans, 1983;Evans and Hodges, 1984;Evans and Poole, 1984;Hearn, 1983;Hubrecht, 1984b;Rothe, 1975;Sutcliffe and Poole, 1984a, b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The major food source for free living common marmo sets and pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) are tree exudates [Sussmann and Kinzey, 1984]. Both species spend about one third of their daily activity feeding on exu dates [Maier et al" 1982;Ramirez et al, 1977] and show similar morphological adap tations of dentition which support this task [Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier, 1977], Tree exudates are highly nutritious and, as a stable food source, can replace seasonal fruits [Lacher et al, 1984], Nevertheless, they are not immediately exploitable inasmuch as ex udate flowing is delayed for hours after a hole is gouged in the bark [Lacher et al, 1981;Ramirez et al, 1977], Aggressive encounters specifically over gum trees have been re ported for common marmosets [Lacher et al, 1981;Maier et al, 1982], as well as more general forms of territorial defense [Hubrecht, 1985]. This may be an indication that this resource is in fact limiting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Stranger Encounters of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) Are Influenced by Family Members: the Quality of Behavior

Anzenberger¹

1985

IJFP

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The initial confrontations of 33 previously unfamiliar pairs of common marmosets were observed. Four types of pairs were used (alpha males/alpha females; alpha males/subdominant females; alpha females/subdominant males; subdominant males/sub-dominant females). Each dyad was tested in five different experimental conditions: (1) isolation of both individuals from their families, unilateral encounters in which either the (2) male’s or the (3) female’s family was visible to the dyad through a one-way screen, and interactive encounters in which either the (4) male’s or the (5) female’s family was present behind a wire screen. Pairs which included alpha females exhibited no affiliative, practically no sexual, but high levels of aggressive behaviors. Pairs which included subdominant females exhibited affiliative, high levels of sexual, and practically no aggressive behaviors. Behavior was reduced qualitatively as well as quantitatively with increasing presence of the families. Possible functional aspects of the results are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Stranger Encounters of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) Are Influenced by Family Members: the Quality of Behavior

Anzenberger¹

1985

IJFP

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“…Marmosets are small-bodied Neotropical monkeys and committed arboreal quadrupeds (Stevenson and Rylands, 1988;Garber, 1992;Rylands and de Faria, 1993;Souto et al, 2007). Through adaptation to facilitate gumnivory on large vertical tree trunks, marmosets have become quite derived relative to other primates (Lacher et al, 1984;Sussman and Kinzey, 1984;Garber, 1992;Hamrick, 1998;Vinyard et al, 2009;Young, 2009;Smith and Smith, 2013). In contrast to most other extant primates, marmosets have claw-like tegulae, rather than flat nails, on all digits except the hallux, and have a relatively short, adducted hallux with diminished intrinsic musculature (Beattie, 1927;Midlo, 1934;Szalay and Dagosto, 1988;Hamrick, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of support diameter and compliance on common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) gait kinematics

Young

Stricklen

Chadwell

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Locomotion is precarious in an arboreal habitat, where supports can vary in both diameter and level of compliance. Several previous studies have evaluated the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of arboreal quadrupeds. The influence of substrate compliance, however, has been mostly unexamined. Here, we used a multifactorial experimental design to investigate how perturbations in both diameter and compliance affect the gait kinematics of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus; N=2) moving over simulated arboreal substrates. We used 3D-calibrated video to quantify marmoset locomotion over a horizontal trackway consisting of variably sized poles (5, 2.5 and 1.25 cm in diameter), analyzing a total of 120 strides. The central portion of the trackway was either immobile or mounted on compliant foam blocks, depending on condition. We found that narrowing diameter and increasing compliance were both associated with relatively longer substrate contact durations, though adjustments to diameter were often inconsistent relative to compliance-related adjustments. Marmosets also responded to narrowing diameter by reducing speed, flattening center of mass (CoM) movements and dampening support displacement on the compliant substrate. For the subset of strides on the compliant support, we found that speed, contact duration and CoM amplitude explained >60% of the variation in substrate displacement over a stride, suggesting a direct performance advantage to these kinematic adjustments. Overall, our results show that compliant substrates can exert a significant influence on gait kinematics. Substrate compliance, and not just support diameter, should be considered a critical environmental variable when evaluating locomotor performance in arboreal quadrupeds.

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“…Ferrari, 1993;Garber, 1984;Garber, 1992;Neyman, 1977;Smith and Jungers, 1997;Stevenson and Rylands, 1988;Sussman and Kinzey, 1984). Marmosets, however, actively gouge trees with their anterior dentition to stimulate exudate flow (Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier, 1976;Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier, 1977;Lacher et al, 1984) whereas tamarins feed opportunistically on exudates that have been released by other means (Ferrari, 1993;Garber, 1992;Peres, 1989;Soini, 1982). Marmosets can spend a significant portion of their daily activity cycle, up to 70% of their day, feeding on tree exudates Lacher et al, 1981;Maier et al, 1982;Sussman and Kinzey, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Eng

Ward

Vinyard

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCommon marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) generate wide jaw gapes when gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit tree exudate flow. Closely related cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) do not gouge trees but share similar diets including exudates. Maximizing jaw opening theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can generate during gouging. To investigate how jaw-muscle architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-muscle architectural features to model muscle force production across a range of jaw gapes in these two species. We incorporate joint mechanics, resting sarcomere length and muscle architecture estimates from the masseter and temporalis to model muscle excursion, sarcomere length and relative tension as a function of joint angle. Muscle excursion from occlusion to an estimated maximum functional gape of 55deg. was smaller in all regions of the masseter and temporalis of C. jacchus compared with S. oedipus except the posterior temporalis. As a consequence of reduced muscle excursion distributed over more sarcomeres in series (i.e. longer fibers), sarcomere length operating ranges are smaller in C. jacchus jaw muscles across this range of gapes. This configuration allows C. jacchus to act on a more favorable portion of the length-tension curve at larger gapes and thereby generate relatively greater tension in these muscles compared with S. oedipus. Our results suggest that biting performance during tree gouging in common marmosets is improved by a musculoskeletal configuration that reduces muscle stretch at wide gapes while simultaneously facilitating comparatively large muscle forces at the extremes of jaw opening.

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Parasitism of Trees by Marmosets in a Central Brazilian Gallery Forest

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

How Stranger Encounters of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) Are Influenced by Family Members: the Quality of Behavior

How Stranger Encounters of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) Are Influenced by Family Members: the Quality of Behavior

Effects of support diameter and compliance on common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) gait kinematics

The morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

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