2021
DOI: 10.1186/s41938-020-00354-6
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Parasitism potential of Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on pupae of the fruit fly species, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), during variable exposure durations

Abstract: Background Fruit flies are important insect pests of horticultural crops. Pesticides used to control them which cause environmental and health hazards; therefore, other alternative sustainable management measures are required. Main body Successful implementation of an integrated pest management program, using biological control agents, needs synchronization of parasitoids with hosts selection and exposure time. The present study was conducted to as… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…After completion of pre-emergence development period (15 days), observations were taken on the basis of “emergence percentage” and “sex ratio” of emerged parasitoids up to ten consecutive days. The parasitism rate was calculated by using formula as [ 31 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After completion of pre-emergence development period (15 days), observations were taken on the basis of “emergence percentage” and “sex ratio” of emerged parasitoids up to ten consecutive days. The parasitism rate was calculated by using formula as [ 31 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Egg, larval and pupal parasitoids of Z. cucurbitae are being used in its classical and augmentative biological control (Garcia et al, 2020; Vargas et al, 2012; Zhao et al, 2013). For instance, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) parasitize eggs; Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri), Tetrastichus dacicida Silvestri, and Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri parasitize larvae; while Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri and Spalangia endius Walker parasitize pupae (Bautista et al, 2004; Ramadan & Messing, 2003; Ullah et al, 2021; Vargas et al, 2004). Other management methods include the use of protein baits (Piñero et al, 2020; Ramasamy, 2020) and augmentoria (Deguine et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%