Parasitological Evaluation of Domestic Water Sources in a Rural Community in Nigeria

Chollom, S. C.; Iduh, M. U.; Gyang, Bitrus Joseph; Idoko, Micheal Abbah; Ujah, Aloysius; Agada, Godwin Ojonugwa; Peter, Joan; Akele, Yomi Richard; Okwori, Joseph

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2013/3513

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These results, although related to helminth eggs were in agreement of those obtained by [18], concerning well water used for watering vegetables. These results are contrary to those obtained by [19] [20] in Nigeria, in Iran [21] and in Tunisia [22] who detected parasites in parasitic samples, mainly Protozoa. This could be explained by the fact that we used the Kato method which is specific to the search for helminth eggs while other authors used standards to search both helminth eggs and cysts of protozoa.…”

Section: Parasitological Contamination Of Drinking Watercontrasting

confidence: 99%

Study of Bacteriological and Parasitological Management Quality of Water in the Villages of Senegal

Dossou-Yovo¹,

Gomis-Mansaly²,

Dirat³

et al. 2019

JBM

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A survey on the parasitological and bacteriological management was conducted in two villages in southeastern Senegal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water management modalities in the two villages with ethnic differences and possibly detect factors that could cause waterborne diseases. A questionnaire on water management methods was submitted to one hundred one women drawn in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop. Samples of well water and water stored in canaries were subjected to both parasitological and bacteriological analysis. In both villages, there was a difference in water management with respect to household configuration (monogamous, polygamous). The containers used for the drawing and storage of water were the same in their two villages. No helminth eggs were found in the drinking water, but bacterial germs, especially faecal coliforms (an indicator of human contamination) and Enterocoques (an indicator of animal contamination). These waters do not comply with WHO standards. So it is important to disinfect them before consumption although no cases of gastroenteritis have been reported.

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Section: Parasitological Contamination Of Drinking Watercontrasting

confidence: 99%

Study of Bacteriological and Parasitological Management Quality of Water in the Villages of Senegal

Dossou-Yovo¹,

Gomis-Mansaly²,

Dirat³

et al. 2019

JBM

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“…The absence of garbage treatment mechanisms put communities at risk of severe gastroenteritis [62]. Swimming in lakes and ponds, cleaning of utensils, throwing dead animals and garbage and dumping sewage in canals, ponds, wells and rivers are reported behaviors in the Egyptian communities [9,61], Botswana [58], Uganda [33,59], Nigeria [63], Cameroon [64,65] raising the exposure to different WBP.…”

Section: Behavioral Factors (Hazards Habits Of African Native Population)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of water crises and climate changes on the transmission of protozoan parasites in Africa

Ahmed

Flórez

Karanis

2018

Pathogens and Global Health

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Waterborne protozoa (WBP) are important cause of several outbreaks all over the world. The report system of WBP in Africa is weak. More than one third of African countries (21/54) reported WBP with absent reports in the remaining countries (33/54). The top reported WBP were Cryptosporidium, Giardia, FLA and Entamoeba contaminating different African water resources. Other protozoa were less documented even though it is abundant and robust. More than one protozoa were detected in contaminated African water including drinking sources, a prediction index to popular epidemics and real presence of undocumented WBP outbreaks. Risk factors in Africa were observed to be abundant and multi-factorial 'socioeconomic, governmental, pathogen in water and climate change. Climate change is an important factor impacting Africa. Increasing droughts in Africa with other extreme weather events will lead to water crises. Incidence and transmission of WBP will change, with new manifested strains/species. Recognizing future consequences of water crises in Africa are important. Governments and population unity will be needed to protect against expected raise and spread of WBP diseases and water shortages.

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“…We found no studies on the prevalence and characterisation of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources in Cameroon before this study, but the prevalence of enteric protozoa in sub-Saharan Africa has ranged from 36.6 to 77.8 % in Nigeria [13], Zimbabwe [14] and Ghana [10]. The highest prevalence of enteric pathogenic protozoa (77.8 %) we found so far was reported in a study in Ghana [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size was determined using a formula for estimating population proportions for a cross-sectional study [18]. We assumed the prevalence of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources to be 42.4 % as reported in a study in Nigeria [13], a 95 % confidence level and an error margin of 7 %. This gave a sample size of 192.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, characteristics and correlates of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources in Molyko and Bomaka, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAccess to potable water remains a major challenge particularly in resource-limited settings. Although the potential contaminants of water are varied, enteric pathogenic protozoa are known to cause waterborne diseases greatly. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources in Buea, Cameroon.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using 155 water samples collected from various drinking sources (boreholes, springs, taps and wells). Each sample was subjected to physicochemical examinations (pH, turbidity, odour and sliminess) and parasitological analysis (wet mount, modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) to determine the presence of enteric pathogenic protozoa. A data collection tool was used to note characteristics of collected samples and the data was analysed using EPI-INFO Version 3.5.3.ResultsThe overall prevalence of enteric pathogenic protozoa in water sources was 62.6 %. Eight species of enteric protozoa were observed with Cryptosporidium parvum being the most predominant (45.8 %). Spring water was the most contaminated source with enteric protozoa (85.7 %) while pipe borne water had all eight species of protozoa identified. A pH of 6 was the only significant factor associated with the prevalence of these pathogens in water sources.ConclusionThe prevalence of enteric protozoa in water sources in Molyko and Bomaka is high, spring water is the most contaminated water source and Cryptosporidium parvum is the most common protozoa contaminating water. A water pH of 6 is associated to the prevalence of protozoa. Community members need to be educated to treat water before drinking to avoid infection by enteric protozoa in water and further studies with larger samples of water need to be conducted to find other correlates of the presence of protozoa in water.

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Parasitological Evaluation of Domestic Water Sources in a Rural Community in Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Study of Bacteriological and Parasitological Management Quality of Water in the Villages of Senegal

Study of Bacteriological and Parasitological Management Quality of Water in the Villages of Senegal

The impact of water crises and climate changes on the transmission of protozoan parasites in Africa

Prevalence, characteristics and correlates of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources in Molyko and Bomaka, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

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