PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully-coupled ice-sheet - ocean - sea-ice - atmosphere - land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5

Pelletier, Charles; Fichefet, Thierry; Goosse, Hugues; Haubner, Konstanze; Helsen, Samuel; Huot, Pierre-Vincent; Kittel, Christoph; Klein, François; clec’h, Sébastien Le; Lipzig, Nicole Van; Marchi, Sylvain; Massonnet, François; Mathiot, Pierre; Moravveji, E.; Moreno-Chamarro, Eduardo; Ortega, Pablo; Pattyn, Frank; Souverijns, Niels; Achter, Guillian Van; Broucke, Sam Vanden; Vanhulle, Alexander; Verfaillie, Déborah; Zipf, Lars

doi:10.5194/gmd-2021-315

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The ocean lateral boundary conditions and initial conditions are taken from a 1979-2014 simulation with an eORCA025 (1/4 • , 75 levels) peri-Antarctic NEMO-LIM configuration (Pelletier et al, 2022) (hereafter referred to as PARASO). Because of a negative salinity bias in the PARASO simulation, a salinity correction of 0.25 g kg −1 is uniformly added to the ocean lateral boundary conditions and initial conditions.…”

Section: The Totten24 Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fast ice on future ice shelf melting in the Totten Glacier area, East Antarctica

et al. 2022

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Abstract. The Totten Glacier in East Antarctica is of major climatic interest because of the large fluctuations in its grounding line and potential vulnerability to climate change. Here, we use a series of high-resolution, regional NEMO-LIM-based (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean coupled with the Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model) experiments, which include an explicit treatment of ocean–ice shelf interactions, as well as a representation of grounded icebergs and fast ice, to investigate the changes in ocean–ice interactions in the Totten Glacier area between the recent past (1995–2014) and the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) under SSP4–4.5 climate change conditions. By the end of the 21st century, the wide areas of multiyear fast ice simulated in the recent past are replaced by small patches of first year fast ice along the coast, which decreases the total summer sea ice extent. The Antarctic Slope Current is accelerated by about 116 %, which decreases the heat exchange across the shelf and tends to reduce the ice shelf basal melt rate, but this effect is counterbalanced by the effect of the oceanic warming. As a consequence, despite the accelerated Antarctic Slope Current, the Totten ice shelf melt rate is increased by 91 % due to the intrusion of warmer water into its cavity. The representation of fast ice dampens the ice shelf melt rate increase throughout the 21st century, as the Totten ice shelf melt rate increase reaches 136 % when fast ice is not taken into account. The Moscow University ice shelf melt rate increase is even more impacted by the representation of fast ice, with a 36 % melt rate increase with fast ice, compared to a 75 % increase without a fast ice representation. This influence of the representation of fast ice in our simulations on the basal melting rate trend over the 21st century is explained by the large impact of the fast ice for present-day conditions (∼25 % difference in m yr−1), while the impact decreases significantly at the end of the 21st century (∼4 % difference in m yr−1). As a consequence, the reduction in the fast ice extent in the future induces a decrease in the fast ice effect on the ice shelf melt rate that partly compensates for the increase due to warming of the ocean. This highlights the importance of including a representation of fast ice to simulate realistic ice shelf melt rate increase in East Antarctica under warming conditions.

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Section: The Totten24 Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fast ice on future ice shelf melting in the Totten Glacier area, East Antarctica

et al. 2022

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“…Code and data availability. The f.ETISh model code can be downloaded from the PARASO source code package (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5337510, Pelletier et al, 2021) that belongs to Pelletier et al (2022). All datasets used in this study are freely accessible through their original references.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We employed f.ETISh v.1.6 (Pattyn, 2017;Pelletier et al, 2022), which is a vertically integrated hybrid ice sheet-ice shelf model with full thermomechanical coupling. It combines the shallow-ice and shallow-shelf equations similarly to Winkelmann et al (2011).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective pressure is then used as a state variable in the common Weertman-Budd (Weertman, 1957;Budd and Jenssen, 1987) sliding law for different exponents of the power law. Using the f.ETISh ice sheet model of intermediate complexity (Pattyn, 2017;Pelletier et al, 2022), centennial-scale simulations are performed for the IS-MIP6 (Seroussi et al, 2020) and ABUMIP (Sun et al, 2020) setups. Results are subsequently analysed for the whole ice sheet as well as for separate drainage basins in view of their different characteristics (marine basins, hard/soft bed, landbased ice sheet, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subglacial hydrology modulates basal sliding response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate forcing

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Major uncertainties in the response of ice sheets to environmental forcing are due to subglacial processes. These processes pertain to the type of sliding or friction law as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of the effective pressure at the base of ice sheets. We evaluate the classic Weertman–Budd sliding law for different power exponents (viscous to near plastic) and for different representations of effective pressure at the base of the ice sheet, commonly used for hard and soft beds. The sensitivity of the above slip laws is evaluated for the Antarctic ice sheet in two types of experiments: (i) the ABUMIP experiments in which ice shelves are instantaneously removed, leading to rapid grounding-line retreat and ice sheet collapse, and (ii) the ISMIP6 experiments with realistic ocean and atmosphere forcings for different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. Results confirm earlier work that the power in the sliding law is the most determining factor in the sensitivity of the ice sheet to climatic forcing, where a higher power in the sliding law leads to increased mass loss for a given forcing. Here we show that spatial and temporal changes in water pressure or water flux at the base modulate basal sliding for a given power, especially for high-end scenarios, such as ABUMIP. In particular, subglacial models depending on subglacial water pressure decrease effective pressure significantly near the grounding line, leading to an increased sensitivity to climatic forcing for a given power in the sliding law. This dependency is, however, less clear under realistic forcing scenarios (ISMIP6).

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“…The simulations are performed with a regional circum-Antarctic configuration of the sea ice-ocean model NEMO-LIM3 (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean-Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model version 3) version 3.6 (Rousset et al, 2015) driven by the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis (Hersbach et al, 2020) and with NEMO-LIM3 coupled to the COSMO-CLM 2 regional atmospheric model (Pelletier et al, 2022a). The model setup and forcing are identical to in Verfaillie et al (2022) for NEMO-LIM3 driven by ERA5 and to in Pelletier et al (2022a) for NEMO-LIM-COSMO-CLM 2 , except that, for the latter, a bug in the interpolation of the winds in the coupling between the ocean and atmosphere has been corrected (Pelletier et al, 2022b). The version of NEMO-LIM3 driven by ERA5 will hereafter be referred to as NEMO and the version coupled to COSMO-CLM 2 as PARASO following Pelletier et al (2022a).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent by sea ice processes and feedbacks with the ocean and the atmosphere

Goosse

Contador²,

Bitz³

et al. 2023

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. The seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent is strongly asymmetric, with a relatively slow increase after the summer minimum followed by a more rapid decrease after the winter maximum. This cycle is intimately linked to the seasonal cycle of the insolation received at the top of the atmosphere, but sea ice processes as well as the exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean may also play a role. To quantify these contributions, a series of idealized sensitivity experiments have been performed with an eddy-permitting (1/4∘) NEMO-LIM3 (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean–Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model version 3) Southern Ocean configuration, including a representation of ice shelf cavities, in which the model was either driven by an atmospheric reanalysis or coupled to the COSMO-CLM2 regional atmospheric model. In those experiments, sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics as well as the exchanges with the ocean and atmosphere are strongly perturbed. This perturbation is achieved by modifying snow and ice thermal conductivities, the vertical mixing in the ocean top layers, the effect of freshwater uptake and release upon sea ice growth and melt, ice dynamics, and surface albedo. We find that the evolution of sea ice extent during the ice advance season is largely independent of the direct effect of the perturbation and appears thus mainly controlled by initial state in summer and subsequent insolation changes. In contrast, the melting rate varies strongly between the experiments during the retreat, in particular if the surface albedo or sea ice transport are modified, demonstrating a strong contribution of those elements to the evolution of ice coverage through spring and summer. As with the advance phase, the retreat is also influenced by conditions at the beginning of the melt season in September. Atmospheric feedbacks enhance the model winter ice extent response to any of the perturbed processes, and the enhancement is strongest when the albedo is modified. The response of sea ice volume and extent to changes in entrainment of subsurface warm waters to the ocean surface is also greatly amplified by the coupling with the atmosphere.

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PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully-coupled ice-sheet - ocean - sea-ice - atmosphere - land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5

Cited by 7 publications

References 133 publications

Influence of fast ice on future ice shelf melting in the Totten Glacier area, East Antarctica

Influence of fast ice on future ice shelf melting in the Totten Glacier area, East Antarctica

Subglacial hydrology modulates basal sliding response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate forcing

Modulation of the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent by sea ice processes and feedbacks with the ocean and the atmosphere

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