Parathyroid Carcinoma in a Patient With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Hemiagenesis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor. Parathyroid carcinoma in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease is also rare. In addition, thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. We report an extremely rare case of parathyroid carcinoma in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism and thyroid hemiagenesis. We also present a review of the literature of this rare entity. We also discuss the surgical procedure performed for this patient. Our review of the literature found 34 case reports of parathyroid carcinoma in patients undergoing dialysis due to chronic renal failure; 14 reports of thyroid hemiagenesis with parathyroid disease; and no previous reports of thyroid hemiagenesis with secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. Although surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinoma requires combined resection with the thyroid, peritracheal dissection with total parathyroidectomy, and monitoring intact parathyroid hormone as a tumor marker, our procedure preserved the patient’s thyroid function. There has been no evidence of recurrence for over 8 years.

Parathyroid Cancer—A Rare Finding during Parathyroidectomy in High Volume Surgery Centre

“…Few over 1100 cases of parathyroid malignancy have been reported worldwide [ 4 ], the majority (97%) associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) [ 5 ]. Parathyroid neoplasia is quite uncommon in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, only 34 cases being reported in the literature associated with end stage renal disease [ 6 ], Table 1 . Considering gender distribution, both men and women are equally affected, in contrast to benign parathyroid tumors that occur more frequently in women (male:female ratio is 1:4) [ 7 ].…”