Parathyroid carcinoma

Rawat, Nihit; Khetan, N; Williams, D W; Baxter, J. N.

doi:10.1002/bjs.5182

Cited by 73 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The major clinical presentations of parathyroid carcinoma are hypercalcemia, neck mass, bone disease, and renal disease [2]. But, pancreatitis as a symptom of hyperparathyroidism is rare, and the occurrence in patients with parathyroid carcinoma is unusual, ranging from 0% to 15% [12,13]. No single laboratory finding can be use as diagnostic for parathyroid carcinoma, but certain findings may offer clues that should be included as part of the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with primary PHPT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although parathyroid carcinomas are slow-growing neoplasms, they have a high propensity to reappear locally and metastasizes through both lymphatic and haematogenous routes [2]. Complete en bloc resection of the parathyroid carcinoma including central neck dissection and adjacent thyroid gland at the time of initial surgery provided the best chance for cure and reduced the recurrence of the disease [13]. If there should be any evidence of invasion of the strap muscles or other structures, the tissues should olso be removed in continuity with the tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatomic imaging including ultrasound, Tc-99m-sestamibi SPECT and TC scan are useful localizing studies, in patients suffering primary hyperparathyroidism [2,6]. Block resection of all involved tissue, central neck dissection and lobectomy of thyroid is the appropriate initial surgical treatment in all suspected cases of parathyroid carcinoma [13]. There is currently insufficient evidence for postoperative radiotherapy to be routinely administrated in patients with microscopy residual disease [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Acute Pancreatitis

Cadena¹,

Romero‐Rojas²

2017

IJRRT

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Parathyroid carcinoma is the cause of only 1% of hyperparathyroidism cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with hyperparathyroidism was reported to be only 1.5%. The occurrence of pancreatitis in patients with parathyroid carcinoma is unusual, ranging from 0% to 15%. Here, we report a very rare case of parathyroid carcinoma presenting as an acute pancreatitis in a 45 years old woman, who was suspected for hypercalcemia and higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid carcinoma was verified with ultrasound, CT Scan, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The pathological anatomy report showed a minimally invasive parathyroid carcinoma. Following surgery, the patient was free after almost a 4 years follow up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Acute Pancreatitis

Cadena¹,

Romero‐Rojas²

2017

IJRRT

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“…Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of pHPT, affecting 0.2 to 1% of patients undergoing surgery (12). The major cause of death in patients with parathyroid cancer is severe hypercalcemia with its metabolic complications, such as malnutrition, acute pancreatitis, and heart arrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major cause of death in patients with parathyroid cancer is severe hypercalcemia with its metabolic complications, such as malnutrition, acute pancreatitis, and heart arrest. Cure is dependent on precise diagnosis with consecutive surgical en bloc resection (12,13). The only definite criteria for diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma are local recurrence or metastases, making it sometimes difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique expression pattern of the EMT markers Snail, Twist and E-cadherin in benign and malignant parathyroid neoplasia

Fendrich¹,

Waldmann²,

Feldmann

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: Epithelial and mesenchymal transitions (EMT) are essential for embryonic development and progression of non-invasive tumor cells into malignant, metastatic carcinomas. During embryogenesis, the parathyroid glands develop from pharyngeal pouches and migrate to their final destinations, densely enclosed by mesenchymal neural crest cells. In this study, we examined the expression of the EMT markers Snail, Twist and E-cadherin in normal parathyroid glands and benign and malignant parathyroid diseases. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we compared expression of E-cadherin, Snail and Twist in 25 patients with parathyroid adenoma, 25 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia, and nine patients with parathyroid cancer with normal parathyroid glands. Results: Normal parathyroid glands, parathyroid adenomas, and parathyroid hyperplasias showed a typical membranous E-cadherin staining pattern. Expression of Snail was found in 22/25 parathyroid adenomas and in all parathyroid hyperplasias. Twist was expressed in 22/25 of parathyroid adenomas and in 20/25 parathyroid hyperplasias. Snail and Twist positive cells were homogeneously distributed throughout the gland. However, in all nine parathyroid carcinomas, membranous E-cadherin staining was lost. In addition, the expression pattern of Snail and Twist was changed and mostly limited to the invasive front of cancer tissue samples. Conclusion: Expression of Snail and Twist at the invasive front and consecutive loss of E-cadherin in parathyroid carcinomas suggests a key role of EMT in the tumorigenesis of this cancer. The unique expression pattern could help to distinguish between an adenoma and a non-metastatic carcinoma. Loss of E-cadherin and change of the expression pattern of Snail and Twist together should result in an en bloc resection or a close follow-up.

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Parathyroid carcinoma: A review

et al. 2011

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Background. Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare entity, comprising fewer than 1% of cases of hyperparathyroidism. The disease generally presents with severe hyperparathyroidism and occasionally with vocal cord paralysis or a firm palpable cervical mass.Methods. The classic histopathologic features of trabecular pattern, mitotic figures, thick fibrous bands, and capsular and vascular invasion are not present in every case but are useful in assessing whether a particular hyperfunctional parathyroid lesion is a carcinoma. Nevertheless, recognition of malignancy at initial operation may be difficult. Management primarily involves complete surgical removal through en bloc resection, which may include adjacent central neck structures.Results. Adjuvant radiation therapy has not been proven to be uniformly effective, but several series show results suggestive of a possible survival advantage. Chemotherapy, genetic, and other biomodifying agents remain experimental. Long-term outcome for this neoplasm remains problematic, and complications from intractable hypercalcemia constitute the foremost cause of death. Reported 5-year survivals have ranged between 70% and 85%.Conclusions. Initial surgical success offers the greatest opportunity for cure. Reoperation for recurrence offers the potential for short-and intermediate-term relief from the sequelae of hypercalcemia, but rarely results in cure. Severely elevated calcium levels should be controlled before initial surgery, and much of the treatment for recurrent or persistent disease, including reoperative surgery, is directed at control of hypercalcemia.

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Parathyroid carcinoma

Cited by 73 publications

References 65 publications

Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Acute Pancreatitis

Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Acute Pancreatitis

Unique expression pattern of the EMT markers Snail, Twist and E-cadherin in benign and malignant parathyroid neoplasia

Parathyroid carcinoma: A review

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