Paratuberculosis and crohn's disease.

Duffy, Shannon C.; Behr, Marcel A.

doi:10.1079/9781789243413.0029

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This disease poses a major economic burden in many countries, such as in the United States, where it is associated with a cost of $198 million per year [ 5 ]. In addition, MAP may also pose a threat to public health if, as hypothesized, it is etiologically linked to Crohn’s disease [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of persistent enteric mycobacterial infection following streptomycin pre-treatment

Duffy,

Lupien,

Elhaji

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic gastrointestinal disease affecting ruminants. This disease remains widespread in part due to the limitations of available diagnostics and vaccines. A representative small animal model of disease could act as a valuable tool for studying its pathogenesis and to develop new methods for paratuberculosis control, but current models are lacking. Streptomycin pre-treatment can reduce colonization resistance and has previously been shown to improve enteric infection in a Salmonella model. Here, we investigated whether streptomycin pre-treatment of mice followed by MAP gavage could act as a model of paratuberculosis which mimics the natural route of infection and disease development in ruminants. The infection outcomes of MAP were compared to M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH), an environmental mycobacterium, and M. bovis and M. orygis, two tuberculous mycobacteria. Streptomycin pre-treatment was shown to consistently improve bacterial infection post-oral inoculation. This model led to chronic MAP infection of the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) up to 24-weeks post-gavage, however there was no evidence of inflammation or disease. These infection outcomes were found to be specific to MAP. When the model was applied to a bacterium of lesser virulence MAH, the infection was comparatively transient. Mice infected with bacteria of greater virulence, M. bovis or M. orygis, developed chronic intestinal and MLN infection with pulmonary disease similar to zoonotic TB. Our findings suggest that a streptomycin pre-treatment mouse model could be applied to future studies to improve enteric infection with MAP and to investigate other modifications underlying MAP enteritis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of persistent enteric mycobacterial infection following streptomycin pre-treatment

Duffy,

Lupien,

Elhaji

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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“…Paratuberculosis is of concern to dairy cattle industries worldwide because of its economic impact on dairy production [1][2][3] and uncertainty about the potential involvement of Map in human disease [4,5]. Concerted actions to control Map infection in ruminants have been taken from the 1920s onwards [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Paratuberculosis Control Programmes for Dairy Herds

Weber,

Kelton,

Eisenberg

et al. 2024

Animals

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While paratuberculosis control has been studied for over a century, knowledge gaps still exist regarding the uptake and efficacy of control programmes. This narrative review aims to summarise studies on control programmes presented at the IDF ParaTB Fora in 2021 and 2022 and the International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis in 2022. Studies were grouped by topic as follows: successful control, field studies, education and extension, voluntary and compulsory control programmes, and surveillance. Various Map control programmes resulted in a decreasing animal and herd level Map prevalence. Long-term stakeholder commitment, stable funding, involvement of herd veterinarians and incentives for farmers to participate were shown to be pivotal for long-term success. Control measures focused on vertical and calf-to-calf transmission may improve Map control in infected herds. Easy-to-capture visualisation of surveillance test results to inform participants on the progress of Map control in their herds was developed. The probability of freedom from disease and estimated within-herd prevalence were identified as good candidates for categorisation of herds to support low-risk trade of cattle. Results of the surveillance schemes may inform genetic selection for resistance to Map infection. In conclusion, successful paratuberculosis control is feasible at both the herd and country level provided that crucial prerequisites are met.

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“…paratuberculosis (MAP). Paratuberculosis is of concern to dairy cattle industries worldwide because of its economic impact on dairy production [1,2] and uncertainty about the potential involvement of MAP in human disease [3,4]. Control programs for paratuberculosis have been developed in at least 22 countries [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Positive ELISA Results in Dairy Herds with a Preferred Status in a Paratuberculosis Control Program

Weber

Aalberts

Dijkstra

et al. 2022

Animals

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Dairy herds participating in the Dutch milk quality assurance program for paratuberculosis are assigned a herd status on the basis of herd examinations by ELISA of individual serum or milk samples, followed by an optional confirmatory fecal PCR. Test-negative herds are assigned Status A; the surveillance of these herds consists of biennial herd examinations. Farmers falsely believing that their Status A herds are Map-free may inadvertently refrain from preventive measures. Therefore, we aimed to develop a predictive model to alert Status A farmers at increased risk of future positive ELISA results. Using data of 8566 dairy herds with Status A in January 2016, two logistic regression models were built, with the probabilities of ≥1 or ≥2 positive samples from January 2017–June 2019 as dependent variables, and province, soil type, herd size, proportion of cattle born elsewhere, time since previous positive ELISA results, and the 95th percentile of the S/P ratios in 2015–2016, as explanatory variables. As internal validation, both models were applied to predict positive ELISA results from January 2019–June 2021, in 8026 herds with Status A in January 2019. The model predicting ≥1 positive sample had an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.77). At a cut-off predicted probability πc = 0.40, 25% of Status A herds would be alerted with positive and negative predictive values of 0.52 and 0.83, respectively. The model predicting ≥2 positive samples had lower positive, but higher negative, predictive values. This study indicates that discrimination of Status A herds with high and low risks of future positive ELISA results is feasible. This might stimulate farmers with the highest risks to take additional measures to control any undetected Map infections.

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Paratuberculosis and crohn's disease.

Abstract: This chapter compares the pathological features of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and Crohn's disease in humans.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Establishment of persistent enteric mycobacterial infection following streptomycin pre-treatment

Establishment of persistent enteric mycobacterial infection following streptomycin pre-treatment

Progress in Paratuberculosis Control Programmes for Dairy Herds

Predicting Positive ELISA Results in Dairy Herds with a Preferred Status in a Paratuberculosis Control Program

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