Paraventricular area: Critical focus of a longitudinal neurocircuitry mediating food intake

Gold, Richard M.; Jones, Alan P.; Sawchenko, Paul E.; Kapatos, Gregory

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90019-1

Cited by 133 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Lesions of the PVN have profound effects on food intake and body weight regulation [24], and several neurotransmitters with orexigenic as well as anorectic properties exert their influence on feeding behavior most potently when injected directly into this nucleus. For example, NPY and galanin stimulate feeding when injected into the PVN [25;26], whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF) inhibit food intake when injected there [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis

Shen¹,

Pearson²,

Xiong³

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis

Shen¹,

Pearson²,

Xiong³

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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“…There is only a limited degree of reciprocity in this intrahypothalamic--PVN pathway in a quantitative sense. This implies that the powerful influence of the PVN on food intake and autonomic nervous activity is probably not the consequence of intrahypothalamic integration and activity processing, but rather the result of activation of the extensive PVN outgoing circuitry (Gold et al, 1977;Weiss and Leibowitz, 1983). …”

Section: Intrahypothalamic Projections Of the Paraventricular Hypothamentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypothalamus, intrinsic connections and outflow pathways to the endocrine system in relation to the control of feeding and metabolism

Luiten

Horst

Steffens

1987

Progress in Neurobiology

371

129

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“…Many of the virus-labelled brain sites comprising the sympathetic outflow to WAT had been correctly deduced as components of this circuit using lesion or stimulation approaches (for review, see , except for one glaring omission, the virtual lack of PRV-labelled neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, an area implicated in dozens of lesion or stimulation studies (for review, see . This misplaced focus on the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus probably occurred because manipulations of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus secondarily affect paraventricular nuclei descending pathways that pass adjacent to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus on their way to their brainstem and spinal cord destinations (for example, see Gold, 1973;Gold et al 1977;Luiten et al 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

et al. 2005

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While investigating the reversible seasonal obesity of Siberian hamsters, direct sympathetic nervous system (SNS) postganglionic innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been demonstrated using anterograde and retrograde tract tracers. The primary function of this innervation is lipid mobilization. The brain SNS outflow to WAT has been defined using the pseudorabies virus (PRV), a retrograde transneuronal tract tracer. These PRV-labelled SNS outflow neurons are extensively co-localized with melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA, which, combined with functional data, suggests their involvement in lipolysis. The SNS innervation of WAT also regulates fat cell number, as noradrenaline inhibits and WAT denervation stimulates fat cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo respectively. The sensory innervation of WAT has been demonstrated by retrograde tract tracing, electrophysiological recording and labelling of the sensory-associated neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in WAT. Local injections of the sensory nerve neurotoxin capsaicin into WAT selectively destroy this innervation. Just as surgical removal of WAT pads triggers compensatory increases in lipid accretion by nonexcised WAT depots, capsaicin-induced sensory denervation triggers increases in lipid accretion of non-capsaicin-injected WAT depots, suggesting that these nerves convey information about body fat levels to the brain. Finally, parasympathetic nervous system innervation of WAT has been suggested, but the recent finding of no WAT immunoreactivity for the possible parasympathetic marker vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) argues against this claim. Collectively, these data suggest several roles for efferent and afferent neural innervation of WAT in body fat regulation.Sympathetic nervous system: Sensory nerves: Parasympathetic nervous system: Pseudorabies virus: Lipolysis A critical ability of all animals is to meet energy demands quickly with utilizable metabolic fuels. In mammals glycogen serves as a rapidly available, but extremely limited, carbohydrate energy source. Energy is predominately stored as lipid in white adipose tissue (WAT) in the form of triacylglycerol (Newsholme & Leech, 1983). Access to this energy in fat can be mediated by several means, principally by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of WAT. The present review starts by discussing the SNS innervation of WAT and then considers its sensory innervation and possible parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) innervation. As the title of the review suggests, the cross talk occurring between the brain and WAT, which use these innervations as conduits, will be highlighted. However, the provocative and interesting cross talk between WAT and the brain that occurs via humoral factors will not be discussed.Adrenal medullary catecholamines, once thought to be the principal stimulators of lipid mobilization, do not play a major role in lipolysisTraditionally, adrenal medullary secretion of catecholamines, primarily adrenaline, is thought to be the underlying means by whi...

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Paraventricular area: Critical focus of a longitudinal neurocircuitry mediating food intake

Cited by 133 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis

Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis

The hypothalamus, intrinsic connections and outflow pathways to the endocrine system in relation to the control of feeding and metabolism

Brain–adipose tissue cross talk

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