Parent‐Adolescent Emotion Dynamics at Multiple Time Scales

Lougheed, Jessica P.; Keskin, Gizem

doi:10.1111/cdep.12409

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Yet, such insights are of theoretical importance as it is theorized that parenting practices have their effects upon an adolescent within a given family, above and beyond stable traits (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Such within-family effects can be studied at multiple timescales (e.g., Boele et al, 2022;Lougheed & Keskin, 2021), and a momentary (hour-to-hour) timescale is increasingly acknowledged as an essential time frame if we aim to understand within-family dynamics (Keijsers et al, 2022;Weeland, Helmerhorst, & Lucassen, 2021). Whether overparenting can be seen as a stable trait (i.e., overall parenting characteristic or parenting style; Darling & Steinberg, 1993) or whether it is also situationspecific and varying from one moment to the next is currently unknown.…”

Section: Parenting Processes Take Place Within Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This level allows to conceptualize and measure parenting as a dynamic phenomenon, for instance, how the day-to-day use of specific parenting practices affects the development of an adolescent in the same family over time. Recent work emphasizes the essential role of assessing parenting processes as a real-time dynamic which takes place under time-varying family contexts (Boele et al, 2022;Bülow et al, 2022;Lougheed & Keskin, 2021).…”

Section: From Stable Pattern To Dynamic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overparenting in Adolescents’ Everyday Life: Development and Validation of the Momentary Overparenting Scale

Luijk¹,

Bülow²,

Boele³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. While there is ample theoretical and empirical interest in overparenting, little is known about how overparenting of adolescents operates in everyday family life. This study describes the development and validation of a novel instrument to assess overparenting with Experience Sampling Methods – The Momentary Overparenting (MOP) scale.Methods. Following 143 (Belgian and Dutch) adolescents for 7 subsequent days, we measured overparenting (i.e., worry, interference, and unnecessary help), autonomy support and psychological control 5 to 6 times per day. Using multilevel structural equation modeling on 1865 parent-adolescent interactions, we investigated the scale’s psychometric properties: within-family and between-family reliability, convergent and divergent validity.Results. Overparenting was characterized by both stable differences between families (46%), as well as dynamic fluctuations within families over time (54% of the variance). The MOP could reliably assess such real-time dynamics in overparenting. Momentary assessments correlated meaningfully with established instruments for overparenting at the between-family level. Within families, adolescents experienced interactions with more overparenting as more psychologically controlling and less autonomy supportive. Between families, overparenting correlated negatively with mothers’ autonomy support and positively with mothers’ psychological control. Conclusion. Worry, interference, and unnecessary help may be important expressions of overparenting in everyday family life – which can now be reliably measured from moment-to-moment as a distinct parenting construct.

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Section: Parenting Processes Take Place Within Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Stable Pattern To Dynamic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overparenting in Adolescents’ Everyday Life: Development and Validation of the Momentary Overparenting Scale

Luijk¹,

Bülow²,

Boele³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…According to state-of-the-art dynamic systems theories of development [9], for instance, parenting processes unfold over multiple time scales; From the micro-level of a raised eye-brow within a single interaction, to macro-developmental changes spanning multiple years (e.g., relationship transformations during adolescence). One interaction after the other, parents and children gradually shape not only their relationship, but also carve out a developmental pathway for the child [10]- [13].…”

Section: Status: Towards a Dynamic Perspective On Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring parent-adolescent interactions in natural habitats. The potential, status, and challenges of Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Keijsers¹,

Bülow²,

Boele³

2021

Preprint

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Few people are as important for an adolescent’s development as their parents. However, most research on parent-adolescent relationships describes long-term population-wide effects. Therefore, little is known about everyday interactions between adolescents and parents in individual families. Ecological Momentary Assessment [EMA] measures families several times a day, as they go through daily live. This provides ecologically valid insights into which interactions took place and how they were experienced. State-of-the-art EMA studies suggest that within-family fluctuations in parenting may trigger changes in an adolescent’s well-being and behaviors. In practice, moreover, EMA may strengthen family support and intervention research. This article reviews recent empirical work, highlights the (un)used theoretical and practical promise of EMA, and identifies key-challenges to unlock this full potential.

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“…Furthermore, the affect of adolescents and their parents is related and adolescents can influence parents' affect and vice versa (Griffith et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2001). We report a positive (within-family) correlation between positive affect intensity of adolescents and their parents (see supplementary Table S8.10), suggesting this mutual influence and synchrony between affect of parents and adolescents (see the temporal interpersonal emotion systems ("TIES" model), Butler, 2011;Lougheed & Keskin, 2021).…”

Section: Differences Between Adolescents and Parentsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Differences in well-being

Vries¹

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Well-being is a complex, and multifaceted construct that includes feeling good and functioning well. There is a growing global recognition of well-being as an important research topic and public policy goal. Well-being is related to less behavioral and emotional problems, and is associated with many positive aspects of daily life, including longevity, higher educational achievement, happier marriage, and more productivity at work. People differ in their levels of well-being, i.e., some people are in general happier or more satisfied with their lives than others. These individual differences in well-being can arise from many different factors, including biological (genetic) influences and environmental influences. To enhance the development of future mental health prevention and intervention strategies to increase well-being, more knowledge about these determinants and factors underlying well-being is needed. In this dissertation, I aimed to increase the understanding of the etiology in a series of studies using different methods, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, twin designs, and molecular genetic designs. In part I, we brought together all published studies on the neural and physiological factors underlying well-being. This overview allowed us to critically investigate the claims made about the biology involved in well-being. The number of studies on the neural and physiological factors underlying well-being is increasing and the results point towards potential correlates of well-being. However, samples are often still small, and studies focus mostly on a single biomarker. Therefore, more well-powered, data-driven, and integrative studies across biological categories are needed to better understand the neural and physiological pathways that play a role in well-being. In part II, we investigated the overlap between well-being and a range of other phenotypes to learn more about the etiology of well-being. We report a large overlap with phenotypes including optimism, resilience, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, when removing the genetic overlap between well-being and depressive symptoms, we showed that well-being has unique genetic associations with a range of phenotypes, independently from depressive symptoms. These results can be helpful in designing more effective interventions to increase well-being, taking into account the overlap and possible causality with other phenotypes. In part III, we used the extreme environmental change during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate individual differences in the effects of such environmental changes on well-being. On average, we found a negative effect of the pandemic on different aspects of well-being, especially further into the pandemic. Whereas most previous studies only looked at this average negative effect of the pandemic on well-being, we focused on the individual differences as well. We reported large individual differences in the effects of the pandemic on well-being in both chapters. This indicates that one-size-fits-all preventions or interventions to maintain or increase well-being during the pandemic or lockdowns will not be successful for the whole population. Further research is needed for the identification of protective factors and resilience mechanisms to prevent further inequality during extreme environmental situations. In part IV, we looked at the real-time assessment of well-being, investigating the feasibility and results of previous studies. The real-time assessment of well-being, related variables, and the environment can lead to new insights about well-being, i.e., results that we cannot capture with traditional survey research. The real-time assessment of well-being is therefore a promising area for future research to unravel the dynamic nature of well-being fluctuations and the interaction with the environment in daily life. Integrating all results in this dissertation confirmed that well-being is a complex human trait that is influenced by many interrelated and interacting factors. Future directions to understand individual differences in well-being will be a data-driven approach to investigate the complex interplay of neural, physiological, genetic, and environmental factors in well-being.

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Parent‐Adolescent Emotion Dynamics at Multiple Time Scales

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Overparenting in Adolescents’ Everyday Life: Development and Validation of the Momentary Overparenting Scale

Overparenting in Adolescents’ Everyday Life: Development and Validation of the Momentary Overparenting Scale

Measuring parent-adolescent interactions in natural habitats. The potential, status, and challenges of Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Differences in well-being

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