Parent and teacher educational expectations and adolescents' academic performance: Mechanisms of influence

Abstract

The current study investigated how parents' and teachers' educational expectations both directly and indirectly shaped young people's academic outcomes in a nationally‐representative sample of high school students (Education Longitudinal Study; N = 9654 adolescents). Higher parent and math teacher expectations in 10th grade were associated with better 12th grade math scores and higher grade point averages, math course‐taking sequence, and educational attainment two years post‐high school. High parent expectations generally magnified the particularly strong positive effects of high math teacher expectations, and there was some evidence of variation in links between adult expectations and outcomes by both student race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Parents' educational involvement at school, teacher‐student relationships, and school‐parent communication mediated the links between adult educational expectations and academic outcomes.

Determinants of academic achievement: How parents and teachers influence high school students’ performance

“…Likewise, parental expectations are only significant for Portuguese AA. This result contradicts the Benner et al (2021) findings that show Math AA of American students is significantly driven by parents' expectations. According to Chen (2005), perceived parental support and expectations impaired global AA (combined scores of Math, English, and native language Chinese), suggesting that the stronger students perceive the support from parents, the worse they tend to perform, which is explained by a reactive strategy toward parents and difficulties in emotional regulation that is typical in teenagers.…”

“…This finding seems to show that the path to AA in Math and language is different and highlights the different roles that teachers and parents have in promoting success. Notwithstanding, previous literature has found that higher parent and Math teacher expectations combined in the 10th grade are associated with better 12th-grade Math AA and higher educational attainment two years after high school completion [84].…”

Evaluation of the Effect of Parental Participation on Chinese Adolescent Behavioral Development Through the Mediating Effect of Peers: A Moderated Mediation Model

“…Parents’ educational participation at school, teacher-student relationships, and home–school communication moderate the relation between parents’ educational expectations and children’s academic achievement; parents who maintain high academic and life expectations for their children can promote their children’s development. 60 A survey of 5369 New Zealand high school students found that students’ self-reported educational ambitions, motivation, and relationships with peers and teachers predicted academic achievement, and that low-expectancy parents and teachers predisposed students to poor performance and failure to complete school. 61 Other studies have emphasized that moderate parental expectations are more important.…”

“… 21 , 41 , 43 , 48 , 54 , 55 Many scholars have used parental education expectations as a separate variable to explore the effect of educational expectation on adolescent personality shaping and personality development, parent-child relationship, and academic performance. 23 , 36 , 60 , 65 After reviewing the existing research, we found that parental participation, peer interactions, educational expectation gap, and adolescents’ behavioral development have not been researched under the same framework.…”

Problem Behaviors of Adolescents: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Status, Parental Educational Expectations, and Adolescents’ Confidence in the Future

“…According to the family investment theory, families with high socioeconomic status can provide higher economic, human, and social capital to promote the development of their children, so these parents will have a higher expectation of their children’s education [ 12 ]. It has been acknowledged that parental educational expectation affects adolescents’ academic achievement and educational attainment [ 22 ]. However, parental educational expectations go far beyond that.…”