“…Similarly, both touch and oxytocin alter brain activity in different ways depending on the relational context (Ellingsen et al, 2016;Baettig et al, 2019), which highlights the importance of including measures of attachment in studies of affectionate touch. Furthermore, a wide range of developmental disorders, including autism, have been bidirectionally linked to differences in touch interactions in infancy (Feldman et al, 2004;Cascio, 2010;Van keer et al, 2019;Provenzi et al, 2020). For example, in autism, atypical touch behavior is implicated as both a predictor of severity (e.g., children who show heightened tactile responsivity later develop greater autistic behaviors) and well as a potential compensatory mechanism (e.g., mothers of children with autism use more and longer-lasting physical proximity and touch to upregulate social engagement) (Doussard-Roosevelt et al, 2003;Saint-Georges et al, 2011;Mammen et al, 2015).…”