Parent-child relationship quality and emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems: empathy as a pathway

The Quality of Mother–Child Feeding Interactions Predicts Psychopathological Symptoms in Offspring and Mothers Seven Years Later: A Longitudinal Study on the General Population

“…The findings support the hypothesis that relationship quality at three years discriminates between high-and low-risk mothers and children, with clinically relevant child symptoms more prevalent in cases of maladaptive mother-child interactions. While the study partially supports the hypothesis that relationship quality predicts internalizing symptoms at 10 years, it intriguingly reveals a non-significant role in predicting externalizing symptoms, challenging previous evidence [45][46][47]. Despite limitations, such as reliance on parental reports and a lack of longitudinal measures [48], the study underscores the importance of considering various measures, including diagnostic interviews and observations, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal impact of relationship quality on maternal and child psychological well-being.…”

A Systematic Review of Early Childhood Research on Socioemotional Development and Prosocial Behaviour

“…Numerous research significantly depend on cross-sectional designs, posing challenges in establishing causation and monitoring the progression of these interactions over time. The use of longitudinal research would provide a more thorough comprehension of the developmental trajectories of attachment, emotional intelligence, and prosocial behaviour (Shoshani et al, 2021;Stern et al, 2015;Keenan et al, 2017;Carson & Kuzik, 2021;Wilson et al, 2023;Mesurado & Richaud, 2017;Stefan et al, 2017). One often encountered methodological constraint is the significant dependence on self-report measures.…”

“…Many studies suffer from small sample sizes, which can undermine their findings' statistical power and generalisability. Researchers need to consider larger and more diverse samples to ensure robust and applicable findings (Bret et al, 2022;Elhusseini et al, 2023;Stern et al, 2015;Keenan et al, 2017;Lau et al, 2023;Little, 2023;Wilson et al, 2023;Mesurado & Richaud, 2017;Stefan et al, 2017;Loheide-Niesmann et al, 2021). Focusing on specific populations, age groups and cultural contexts, such as low-income African-American families or specific countries, limits the generalisability of research findings.…”

“…Focusing on specific populations, age groups and cultural contexts, such as low-income African-American families or specific countries, limits the generalisability of research findings. It is critical to study a more diverse range of populations to understand the broader implications of these relationships (Bret et al, 2022;Elhusseini et al, 2023;Stern et al, 2015;Keenan et al, 2017;Lau et al, 2023;Wilson et al, 2023;Mesurado & Richaud, 2017;Stefan et al, 2017;Loheide-Niesmann et al, 2021). Some studies use cross-sectional designs, making it difficult to establish causal relationships.…”

“…One prevalent aspect seen in numerous research is the use of crosssectional designs, which constrain the capacity to establish causal connections among variables. The presence of this particular design constraint poses challenges in establishing the causal relationship between parent-child attachment, emotional intelligence, and prosocial behaviour (Bret et al, 2022;Elhusseini et al, 2023;Shoshani et al, 2021;Stern et al, 2015;Carson & Kuzik, 2021;Wilson et al, 2023;Mesurado & Richaud, 2017). The limited amount of various and sufficiently large samples in some research raises concerns over the applicability of their results to broader populations.…”