Parentage of endemic Sorbus L. (Rosaceae) species in the British Isles: evidence from plastid DNA

Chester, Michael; Cowan, Robyn S.; Fay, Michael F.; Rich, Tim C. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00669.x

Cited by 50 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sorbus torminalis in Britain has a lower genetic diversity than the other two common sexually reproducing diploid species, S. aria and S. aucuparia (Proctor, Proctor & Groenhof ; Chester et al . ) and lower than S. torminalis in mainland Europe: Chester et al . () identified seven different plastid DNA types in Britain (shared with French and Spanish populations) compared to the 25 haplotypes identified through Europe by Oddou‐Muratorio et al .…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service-tree) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Sorbus torminalis is an uncommon, mostly small tree (but can reach 33 m) native to lowland England and Wales, and temperate and Mediterranean regions of mainland Europe. It is the most shade-tolerant member of the genus in the British Isles, and as a result, it is more closely associated with woodland than any other British species. Like other British Sorbus species, however, it grows best where competition for space and sunlight is limited. Seedlings are shade tolerant but adults are only moderately so. This, combined with its low competitive ability, restricts the best growth to open areas. In shade, saplings and young adults form a sapling bank, showing reproduction and extensive growth only when released. Sorbus torminalis tolerates a wide range of soil reaction (pH 3Á5-8Á0) but grows best on calcareous clays and thin soils over limestone. 3. Sorbus torminalis is a sexual, diploid, non-apomictic species that has hybridised with a number of other Sorbus species to form microspecies. The hermaphrodite flowers are primarily insect pollinated. Seed production is reliable only in warm years, especially at the edge of its range, although even then seed viability is low. The fruits are primarily dispersed by carnivorous mammals. Seeds display embryo dormancy but most will germinate the first spring after falling. 4. This tree is very tolerant of short droughts but only moderately tolerant of frost, hence its southerly and lowland distribution. It faces no particular individual threats although the small size of most populations makes it susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly through the loss of open coppiced areas. As a consequence, it appears to be declining throughout Britain and Europe despite its wide range of historical uses and the high value of its timber. The extent to which these losses will be offset by increases due to climate change is unknown.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Wild Service-tree or Chequers/Chequer tree. Rosaceae. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Crataegus torminalis L., Pyrus torminalis (L.) Ehrh., Aria torminalis (L.) Beck., Torminaria clusii Roem., Torminalis clusii (Roem.) Roberts & Phipps) is usually a subordinate, subcanopy tree or shrub of temperate deciduous forests, and more rarely a co-dominant canopy tree reaching 30-33 m. Suckers profusely. Crown narrow when shaded but round, ...

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Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…All of these aspects influence the choice of markers. Chloroplast markers for lower-level systematic studies are especially needed, because data from the usually maternally inherited chloroplast genome and limited recombination of cpDNA can provide important insights into hybridization and polyploidy, two common evolutionary processes in plants, as well as into current biogeographical structuring and therefore historical patterns of species evolution (Chester et al 2007). The present study employed four polymorphic chloroplast DNA regions (trnC-trnD, psbC-trnS, trnL-trnF and rbcL).…”

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confidence: 99%

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

et al. 2010

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The chloroplast DNA of 43 species including 16 sections from the genus Hypericum was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis. The PCR-amplified products of four cpDNA regions, trnC-trnD, psbC-trnS, trnL-trnF and rbcL were digested with four restriction endonucleases. A high level of interspecific variation was detected while intraspecific diversity was not observed. The resulting parsimony analysis indicated the monophyletic assemblage of the sections Androsaemum, Olympia, Drosocarpium and Trigynobrathys. Monophyly of Hypericum is weakly supported, but close relationships of H. perforatum and H. maculatum are indicated. The members of Ascyreia are weakly resolved, but clustering of H. kouytchense and H. oblongifolium is well supported, however, H. reptans is nested with Olympia. CpDNA profiles and the positions on the parsimony tree indicate that the chloroplast donor among the putative parents of the hybrid species H. ×inodorum is H. androsaemum.

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“…S. torminalis is known to form hybrids with S. aria, designated as S. latifolia, which are generally diploid, sexual and able of backcrossing (Aas et al 1994;Nelson-Jones et al 2002). However, hybridization is generally unidirectional (S. aria as the pollen donor), hybrids are morphologically distinguishable and the backcrosses tend to reBrought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 4:19 AM semble more S. aria (Aas et al 1994;Oddou-Muratorio et al 2001;Chester et al 2007), so that introgression seems to be very improbable cause of the occurrence of populations not fitting into general geographic patterns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation of Sorbus torminalis in Eastern Europe as determined by microsatellite markers

et al. 2010

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The genetic variation in fourteen Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. populations distributed over the eastern and south-eastern part of its range was studied using seven nuclear microsatellite loci. The differentiation level was relatively high (FST = 0.228), as expected for a species with a fragmented range. The distance-based approach to the analysis of differentiation patterns (neighbour-joining tree based on pairwise coefficients of differentiation) did not reveal a clear geographical structure. On the other hand, model-based Bayesian methods (BAPS and STRUCTURE) gave geographically continuous clusters of populations. The occurrence of populations deviating strongly from the general pattern is attributed to founder effect. In spite of a generally high differentiation, a significant isolation-by-distance pattern was found, which might be a consequence of postglacial migration and gene flow among descendants of different refugia.

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Parentage of endemic Sorbus L. (Rosaceae) species in the British Isles: evidence from plastid DNA

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

Genetic differentiation of Sorbus torminalis in Eastern Europe as determined by microsatellite markers

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