Parental Age, Family Size, and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Montgomery, Scott; Lambe, Mats; Olsson, Tomas; Ekbom, Anders

doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000142138.46167.69

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Nonetheless, children of older fathers are not only more likely to have several diseases of clear genetic cause (Kühnert and Nieschlag, 2004;Lambert et al, 2006), they show also an increased risk for multifactorial diseases such as birth defects (Olshan et al, 1994;McIntosh et al, 1995;Kazaura et al, 2004;Bille et al, 2005;Zhu et al, 2005a, b;Archer et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2007), childhood cancers (Moll et al, 1996;Hemminki et al, 1999;Sharpe et al, 1999;Murray et al, 2002;Yip et al, 2006), prostate cancer (Zhang et al, 1999), breast cancer (controversial) (Colditz et al, 1991;Choi et al, 2005), diabetes mellitus type l (Bingley et al, 2000;Cardwell et al, 2005), multiple sclerosis (Montgomery et al, 2004), some forms of cerebral palsy (Fletcher and Foley, 1993), schizophrenia (Malaspina, 2001), bipolar disorder (Frans et al, 2008), autism (Reichenberg et al, 2006), epilepsy (Vestergaard et al, 2005), Alzheimer disease (Whalley et al, 1995) and lower intelligence quotients (Malaspina et al, 2005;Saha et al, 2009). However, some of the reported associations need to be considered with caution for methodological reasons in the statistical analysis, especially in regard to the validity of the data sources (Kirby, 2007) (Fig.…”

Section: Paternal Age and Outcome Of Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal age and reproduction

Sartorius

Nieschlag

2009

Human Reproduction Update

291

212

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background: Due to various sociological factors, couples in developed countries are increasingly delaying childbearing. Besides ethical, economical and sociological issues, this trend presents us with several complex problems in reproduction. Although it is well-known that maternal age has a negative effect on fertility and increases the risk of adverse outcome during pregnancy and in offspring, the paternal influence on these outcomes is less well researched and not well-known.methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, and retrieved original articles and review articles to update our previous survey in this journal.results: This review highlights the link between male age and genetic abnormalities in the germ line and summarizes the knowledge about the effects of paternal age on reproductive function and outcome. Increasing paternal age can be associated with decreasing androgen levels, decreased sexual activity, alterations of testicular morphology and a deterioration of semen quality (volume, motility, morphology). Increased paternal age has an influence on DNA integrity of sperm, increases telomere length in spermatozoa and is suggested to have epigenetic effects. These changes may, at least in part, be responsible for the association of paternal age over 40 years with reduced fertility, an increase in pregnancy-associated complications and adverse outcome in the offspring. conclusion: Although higher maternal age can be an indication for intensive prenatal diagnosis, including invasive diagnostics, consideration of the available evidence suggests that paternal age itself, however, provides no rationale for invasive procedures.

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Section: Paternal Age and Outcome Of Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal age and reproduction

Sartorius

Nieschlag

2009

Human Reproduction Update

291

212

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“…This association was profound in breast cancer cases in premenopausal women (OR51.9 for paternal aged o40 years vs. ,30 years) (P (for trend)50.031). In a retrospective analysis using the Swedish Inpatient Register, Montgomery et al 103 identified 4443 patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Twenty-four thousand, one hundred and ninety-four controls were selected with similar characteristics for year, county of birth and survival until at least the age at diagnosis of the matched cases.…”

Section: Other Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Wiener-Megnazi¹,

Auslender²,

Dirnfeld³

2011

Asian J Androl

103

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Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspects are clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.

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“…higher birth order indicating the influence of older siblings, other aspects of sibship structure and day care attendance) are associated with a reduced risk of atopic disorders [6]. However, for multiple sclerosis (MS), although higher younger sibling exposure has been associated with reduced MS risk [7,8] including in this study sample [8], the pattern for older siblings or birth order is less clear [9]. Here we examine the association between asthma, MS and sibling exposure in a population-based case-control study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma onset prior to multiple sclerosis and the contribution of sibling exposure in early life

Ponsonby

Dwyer

Mei

et al. 2006

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryHigher sibling exposure is associated with a reduced risk of asthma and other T helper 2 (Th2)-type disorders, possibly through a beneficial effect of higher infection load. The effect on Th1 disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is less clear. Here we examine the association between asthma and MS, taking into account early life sibling exposure. A population-based case-control study in Tasmania, Australia based on 136 cases of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed MS and 272 community controls, matched on sex and year of birth. Study measures include cumulative exposure to total, older or younger siblings by age 6 years, history of doctor-diagnosed asthma and serological IgG responses to herpes viruses. MS cases were more likely (P = 0·02) than controls to have asthma which began before age of onset of MS symptoms compared to the corresponding age for controls. The absence of younger sibling exposure by age 6 years potentiated (P = 0·04) the association between asthma and MS. Compared to those with younger sibling exposure and no asthma, the adjusted odds ratio for MS for those with asthma and no younger sibling exposure was 7·22 (95% CI: 2·52, 20·65). Early life sibling exposure was associated with altered IgG serological responses to EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) in adulthood. Reduced early life sibling exposure appeared to contribute to the excess of asthma among MS cases by the time of MS onset. MS development may reflect factors that relate to a general immuno-inflammatory up-regulation of immune activity as well as disease specific factors. The link between early life sibling exposure and the immune response to herpes group viral antigens is consistent with a protective role for early life infections.

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Parental Age, Family Size, and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract: Parents who have offspring with MS may have subtly impaired fertility. The unexpected association with paternal age may be the result of an increased risk of accumulating germ cell mutations among older men.

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Paternal age and reproduction

Paternal age and reproduction

Advanced paternal age and reproductive outcome

Asthma onset prior to multiple sclerosis and the contribution of sibling exposure in early life

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