Parental alcohol use disorder and offspring marital outcomes

Salvatore, Jessica E.; Lönn, Sara Larsson; Long, Elizabeth C.; Sundquist, Jan; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Sundquist, Kristina; Edwards, Alexis C.

doi:10.1111/add.14405

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The fact that the present study likely includes a sample with these personal experiences strengthens the generalizability of the findings. The proportion of adults who had personal experience with problematic substance use within their family was higher in the family member sample (36%), which is consistent with previous research and does not invalidate the present comparison [40]. The family sample consisted of family members attending a psychoeducational program, so the results need replication among family members who are not receiving this kind of service.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life?

2019

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Purpose Addiction is a major health stressor for families, representing an under-researched area with important policy implications. The current aim was to validate the Composite Codependency Scale, which captures the psychological characteristics of affected family members, and assess quality of life as mediated by family functioning. Methods Close relatives ( n = 271) of patients in treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) participated in a 4-day psychoeducational program. We also recruited a general population sample ( n = 393) via an online social media site. Data were analyzed using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and a latent regression model. Differences in subscale latent means were applied to ascertain how the scale discriminated the two populations. Results MGCFA yielded a shortened, nine-item partial scalar invariant scale (SCCS) that allowed comparison of latent means. The SCCS discriminated between family members and the general population, with family scoring higher on all three scale dimensions. By effect size, family had higher means (mean differences; 95% confidence intervals) for ‘emotional suppression’ (0.48; 0.36–0.59; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.92), ‘interpersonal control’ (0.47; 0.36–0.59; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.97), and ‘self-sacrifice’ (0.20; 0.10–0.29; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.43). Higher SCCS scores were associated with greater family dysfunction ( β = 1.00, 95% CI 0.63–1.36; p < 0.001) and worse quality of life ( β = − 0.23, 95% CI − 0.30 to − 0.16; p < 0.001), confirming the concurrent validity of the SCCS. Conclusion When family members of people with addictions had the psychological characteristics of suppressing their emotions, believing they could fix others’ problems, and neglecting their own for others’ needs, they also had more family dysfunction and poorer quality of life. The SCCS offers a valid instrument for addressing the life situation of affected families. This scale can help clinicians focus on family members within health services, especially within SUD treatment services. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-019-02169-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life?

2019

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“…Second, the null effect of marriage may be attributable to selection effects of a sample enriched for risk. Previous research demonstrates that individuals with a predisposition for alcohol problems are more likely to have a spouse with an alcohol use disorder (Salvatore et al, 2018), which may actually put individuals at greater risk for problematic alcohol use (Kendler et al, 2016; Leonard & Eiden, 2007). This suggests that individuals who are at higher risk for problematic alcohol use, like many of those in the present sample, are at increased risk of choosing partners with higher levels of alcohol use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, this work could be expanded to examine more critically the pathogenic effect of early marriage on genetic risk for alcohol use. Finally, future research should examine whether these findings extend to developmentally off-time marriages in the opposite direction (i.e., individuals whose first marriage occurs much later in life), particularly in view of findings that individuals who are at risk for alcohol problems (by virtue of family history) or have alcohol problems themselves tend to marry later (Salvatore et al, 2018; Waldron et al, 2011). Overall, our findings highlight the importance of utilizing a gene-by-environment-by-development approach and considering the consequences of developmentally off-time events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A family history of alcohol use disorder is associated with a greater risk for problematic alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems (Cotton, 1979; Kendler et al, 2015). Of particular relevance for this study is that a parental history of alcohol problems is associated with a greater likelihood of having a spouse with an alcohol use disorder (Salvatore et al, 2018). Considering that marriage to a spouse with an alcohol problem is a risk factor for the onset of alcohol problems (Kendler et al, 2016; Leonard & Eiden, 2007), high-risk individuals may be placed at even greater risk given their decreased likelihood of entering into the types of marital relationships with prosocial partners that are likely to have a protective effect on alcohol misuse.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Using a developmental perspective to examine the moderating effects of marriage on heavy episodic drinking in a young adult sample enriched for risk

et al. 2020

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Abstract Many studies demonstrate that marriage protects against risky alcohol use and moderates genetic influences on alcohol outcomes; however, previous work has not considered these effects from a developmental perspective or in high-risk individuals. These represent important gaps, as it cannot be assumed that marriage has uniform effects across development or in high-risk samples. We took a longitudinal developmental approach to examine whether marital status was associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED), and whether marital status moderated polygenic influences on HED. Our sample included 937 individuals (53.25% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism who reported their HED and marital status biennially between the ages of 21 and 25. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived from a genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption. Marital status was not associated with HED; however, we observed pathogenic gene-by-environment effects that changed across young adulthood. Among those who married young (age 21), individuals with higher PRS reported more HED; however, these effects decayed over time. The same pattern was found in supplementary analyses using parental history of alcohol use disorder as the index of genetic liability. Our findings indicate that early marriage may exacerbate risk for those with higher polygenic load.

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“…The protective effect is consistent with previous studies [ 17 ], while its inverse effect might be related to early age of onset, a measure of SUD severity [ 25 ]. Early age at sexual intercourse or marriage could also be indicators of externalizing behaviors and possible SUD severity [ 43 , 44 ], suggesting that this population could be at higher risk for suicide attempts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of non‐fatal suicide attempt in individuals with substance use disorder: the roles of aggregate genetic liability and environmental exposures in a Swedish population‐based cohort

et al. 2022

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Background and Aims: Substance use disorder (SUD) is related to widespread adverse consequences, including higher suicidality. Shared genetic liability has been demonstrated between SUD and suicidality. Here, we measured the factors that contribute to increased risk of non-fatal suicide attempt among individuals with SUD by focusing upon aggregate genetic risks and both childhood and past-year environmental factors.Design: Longitudinal study. Family genetic risk scores and environmental factors (childhood, aged from 0 to 15 years, and the year preceding SUD registration) were used to predict the relative risk of non-fatal suicide attempt using Cox proportional hazards models. Additional analyses employed a co-relative design, accounting for genetic factors and shared familial environment, to test for potential causality.Setting and participants: Based on longitudinal Swedish registry data, 228 617 individuals with SUD registrations from 1991 to 2015 were included.Measurements: SUD and suicide attempts were identified using medical records (International Classification of Diseases codes). SUD was also identified using pharmacy and criminal registries.Findings: In multivariable analyses that jointly accounted for all the selected potential predictors, individuals with SUD were at higher risk for non-fatal suicide attempt if they had experienced a parental death [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58; 95% confidence interval (

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Parental alcohol use disorder and offspring marital outcomes

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life?

How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life?

Using a developmental perspective to examine the moderating effects of marriage on heavy episodic drinking in a young adult sample enriched for risk

Risk of non‐fatal suicide attempt in individuals with substance use disorder: the roles of aggregate genetic liability and environmental exposures in a Swedish population‐based cohort

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