Parental and birth characteristics in relation to testicular cancer risk among males born between 1960 and 1995 in California (United States)

English, Paul; Goldberg, Debbie; Wolff, Craig; Smith, Dianne

doi:10.1023/b:caco.0000003812.53344.48

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These include premature birth, 10,11,14,15 low birth-weight, 10-14 high birth-weight, 10,13 neonatal jaundice, 13 exogenous estrogen use, 11,15 older maternal age 12,14 and first born. 10,[12][13][14]16 Other factors that have been reported are smoking during pregnancy, 20,21 subfertility, 43,44 exposure to viral infections 45 and sedentary lifestyle. 43 As has been consistently demonstrated, 3,6,7,37 generational influences appear largely responsible for the increasing incidence trends in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Bray

Richiardi

Ekbom

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

288

197

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This study profiles testicular cancer incidence and mortality across Europe, and the effects of age, period and generational influences, using age-period-cohort modeling. Despite a 5-fold variation in incidence rates, there were consistent mean increases in incidence in each of the 12 European countries studied, ranging from around 6% per annum (Spain and Slovenia) to 1-2% (Norway). In contrast, declines in testicular cancer mortality of 3-6% per annum were observed in the 1980s and 1990s for the majority of the 22 countries studied, particularly in Northern and Western Europe. The mortality trends in several European countries were rather stable (Romania and Bulgaria) or increasing (Portugal and Croatia). Short-term attenuations in increasing cohort-specific risk of incidence were indicated among men born between 1940 and 1945 in 7 European countries. In Switzerland, successive generations born from the mid 1960s may have experienced a steadily declining risk of disease occurrence. While the underlying risk factors responsible remain elusive, the temporal and geographical variability in incidence may point to an epidemic in different phases in different countries-the result of country-specific differences in the prevalence of one or several ubiquitous and highly prevalent environmental determinants of the disease. Advances in treatment have led to major declines in mortality in many European countries from the mid 1970s, which has translated to cohorts of men at successively lower risk of death from the disease. Slower progress in the delivery of optimal care is however evident from the mortality trends in several lower-resource countries in Southern and Eastern Europe. The first beneficiaries of therapy in these populations may be those men born-rather than diagnosed-in the era of major breakthrough in testicular cancer care. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: testicular cancer; incidence; mortality; time trends; epidemiology Testicular cancer accounts for 1-3% of all cancers in males in Western countries, but is the most common malignancy among young men (aged 15-34 years) in most European populations. 1 The highest incidence rates are recorded in a number of countries in Northern (Denmark, Norway), Central (Germany, Switzerland) and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic). 2 Incidence trends in almost all European populations are characterized by rapid increases in the last few decades, 3-7 particularly in adolescent men and young adults. 8 The etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood, and the underlying reasons for the steadily increasing incidence trends throughout Europe are largely unknown. Improving ascertainment and better diagnostic procedures cannot account for the estimated 3-5% rises in incidence per annum, as the course of the disease is rapidly fatal if left untreated. In addition, the consistent evidence of uniformly rising secular trends comes from a number of wellestablished European cancer registries with standardized procedures. 4 It has been hypothesized that the risk of testicular canc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence and mortality data were tabulated as birth cohorts in 10-year intervals by subtracting the midpoints of 5-year age groups (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), . .…”

Section: Apc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Bray

Richiardi

Ekbom

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

288

197

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“…The source for birth weight was birth registries 11,31,32,34,35,38 or interviews and questionnaires. 12,13,[15][16][17]33,36 Three of the studies did not give data for the high birth weight stratum and were not included in the relevant analysis. 15,16,35 Low birth weight and testicular cancer Figure 2 presents the forest plot for all included studies and the summary estimate across them.…”

Section: -31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight and the risk of testicular cancer: A meta‐analysis

Michos

Xue

Michels

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The high incidence of testicular cancer in young males indicates a potential role of events during early life. Birth weight has been identified as a factor possibly associated with the risk of cancers later in life. To investigate the association between birth weight and testicular cancer, we conducted a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of published studies investigating the association between birth weight and testicular cancer. Data were combined using a fixed-effects model. Thirteen epidemiologic studies, published between 1983 and 2004, were included in the analysis, encompassing 5,663 patients with testicular cancer. Men weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth had a higher risk for developing testicular cancer later in life than those with normal birth weight (2,500-4,000 g) (OR 5 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.38). A similar trend was found for men with a birth weight above 4,000 g, (OR 5 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.22). When seminoma and nonseminoma testicular cancer cases were considered separately, low birth weight was a risk factor specifically for seminomas (OR 5 1.44; 95% CI 1.11-1.88). A U-shaped association was observed between birth weight and the risk for testicular cancer. The underlying biological mechanisms for this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: testicular cancer; birth weight; risk factors Testicular cancer is the most common cancer among young male adults, with a peak incidence among men aged 25-35 years and with a distinctive geographical and racial variation. The incidence varies 10-fold among countries, with the highest among white men in Northern Europe. 1 The incidence increased by 51% in the United States from 1973 to 1995, though it stabilized in the first half of the 1990s.2,3 An increase in incidence has been reported from other countries. 4,5 These data suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are important for the development of testicular tumors.Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (GCTs), with 50% being seminomas and the remaining 50% nonseminomas. 6 Nonseminomas often represent tumors of mixed histology and may include a variety of seminoma or nonseminoma histologic subtypes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the WHO classify testicular GCTs into 3 types: the teratomas and yolk-sac tumors of newborns and infants; the seminomatous and nonseminomatous tumors of adolescents and young adults; and the spermatocytic seminomas of the elderly.7 Further classification beyond the 2 main histologic categories (seminomas and nonseminomas) appears to have limited relevance in etiologic or clinical settings. 8,9 Given the age incidence pattern of testicular cancer, which peaks in the third decade of life, etiologic research has focused on prenatal, perinatal and early-life exposures. A number of different factors have been identified that predispose men to testicular cancer. Cryptorchidism is the only established risk factor of etiologic significance, but it accounts for fewer than 10% of all cases. 10...

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“…Environmental factors that have been suggested to be involved in aetiology include occupational exposures to oestrogenic chemicals and maternal exposures to chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene and chlordanes [28][29][30][31]. Some studies have suggested a link with infections, including HIV, CMV, EBV and SV-40 [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIOP 2013 Scientific Programme + Index

2013

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Article:McNally, R, Basta, N, Errington, S et al. (4 more authors) (2013) Socio-economic patterning in the incidence and survival of males and young men diagnosed with testicular cancer in Northern England. Pediatric blood and cancer, 60 (S3). 158 -158. ISSN 1545-5009 https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24719 eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. MethodsWe extracted all 292 cases of testicular cancer diagnosed in males aged 0-24 years during 1968-2003 from a population-based specialist regional registry. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the relationship between incidence and both the Townsend deprivation score (and component variables) and small-area population density. Cox regression was used to analyse the relationship between survival and both deprivation and population density. ResultsDecreased risk was associated with living in areas of higher household overcrowding ConclusionsThis study has shown that increased risk of testicular cancer is associated with an aspect of more advantaged living. In contrast, greater deprivation confers worse survival prospects.3

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Parental and birth characteristics in relation to testicular cancer risk among males born between 1960 and 1995 in California (United States)

Abstract: Markers of higher estrogen exposure in the mother (age and parity) are associated with increased testicular cancer risk, and factors associated with fetal growth retardation may be associated with seminoma testicular cancer.

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Birth weight and the risk of testicular cancer: A meta‐analysis

SIOP 2013 Scientific Programme + Index

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