Parental Bonding and Body Mass Index in a Female Community Sample: The Mediating Role of Eating Disorder Thoughts and Core Beliefs

Cooper, Myra; Young, Eliane

doi:10.1017/s1352465815000053

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, moreover, low maternal care and parental overprotection were associated with diabetes, but there was no association between low paternal care and diabetes. Intriguingly, a previous study examining the association between parenting style and obesity found that only paternal care was not significantly associated with obesity [ 7 ]. In addition, previous studies examining mammalian childcare reported that mothers are significantly more likely to relate to their children than fathers during the breastfeeding stage [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As far as we know, there are no population-based epidemiological studies showing a significant association between parenting style and diabetes in adults. On the other hand, several hospital-based and population-based studies have shown a relationship between inadequate parenting, especially the “affectionless control” parenting style (i.e., low care and high overprotection), and the risk of eating disorders, obesity, and coronary heart disease [ 7 , 8 , 22 , 23 ]. Since eating disorders and obesity are likely to be involved in the onset of diabetes, these previous findings may support ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported that parenting styles affect obesity and food consumption in children [ 4 , 5 ]. Accumulating evidence indicates that perceived parental attitudes and behaviors, especially “affectionless control,” a style characterized by the combination of insufficient care and excessive overprotection as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) [ 6 ], are associated with an increased risk of obesity and eating disorders [ 7 , 8 ]. Affectionless control has been proposed to be a maladaptive form of parenting that results in a particular vulnerability to the occurrence of psychopathology [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study

Shibata,

Hosoi,

Anno

et al. 2023

BMC Endocr Disord

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Objective To investigate associations between parenting styles during childhood and diabetes in adulthood in a Japanese community. Methods In 2011, 710 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥ 40 years were assessed for the presence of diabetes and for their perceptions of the parenting style of their parents, as measured using the “care” and “overprotection” scales of the Parental Bonding Instrument. Care and overprotection scores for each parent were dichotomized by age-specific median values. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, a 2-h post-loaded glucose level of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and/or the current use of insulin or oral glucose-lowering agents. The odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent diabetes were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of diabetes was 14.9%. Subjects with a high paternal overprotection score had a significantly greater likelihood of prevalent diabetes than those with a low paternal overprotection score after adjusting for confounders (OR 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.77), while there was no significant association between paternal care and diabetes. Additionally, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for the presence of diabetes were significantly higher in subjects with a low maternal care score (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.00–2.60) or in subjects with a high maternal overprotection score (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.08–2.80). Moreover, the subjects with a low care score and high overprotection score for both their father and mother had a significantly higher multivariable-adjusted OR of diabetes than those with a high care score and low overprotection score for both parents (OR 2,12, 95%CI 1.14–3.95). Conclusions This study suggests that inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood may contribute to the development of diabetes in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study

Shibata,

Hosoi,

Anno

et al. 2023

BMC Endocr Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, 58-69% of individuals living with disordered eating meet diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder (PD) (2) and more exhibit rigid personality traits such as perfectionism, neuroticism, or avoidance motivation (7). Finally, the family environment, including any adverse experiences such as trauma, abuse and neglect, in uence development of EDs and PDs (8) as can experiencing overindulgence and over protection as a child (2,(9)(10)(11). Additional interventions that better address the complexities around the disorder are (2,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods study of schema modes amongst people living with disordered eating

Marney,

Reid,

Wright

2023

Preprint

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Background Schema therapy (ST) is a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of eating disorders (EDs). Schema modes (SMs) are a key component of ST and individuals with EDs have more maladaptive SMs and weaker healthy ones. Methods Aim was to explore schema modes within individuals living with disordered eating. Sixteen individuals without prior exposure to schema therapy completed the short form schema mode inventory for eating disorders questionnaire (SMI-ED-SF), then participated in semi-structured interviews discussing their high scoring modes. Results By thematic analysis, themes were: 1) Adverse family environments with the subthemes Trauma and the vulnerable and angry child and Unrealistic standards – Demand & Control, 2) Mode effects with the subthemes of On everyday life and On disordered eating, 3) Modes protective factors with the subthemes Emotion avoidance - Detach and Soothe and People pleasing - Compliance and Surrender and 4) Help Seeking with the subthemes Barriers to recovery, Dissatisfaction with treatment and ST as an alternative. Experiences were linked to the vulnerable child (VC) and angry child (AC) modes in their current lives and the employment of maladaptive modes to quell or block their activation and subsequent emotions. Discussion Participants found schema modes a positive and helpful way of way of understanding their disordered eating behaviours, despite that many reported prior negative experiences of other psychological therapy. This suggests that schema modes are a promising way of understanding and working with eating disorders.

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A mixed methods study of schema modes amongst people living with eating disorders

Marney,

Reid,

Wright

2024

J Eat Disord

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Background Schema therapy is promising for people with eating disorders, especially those unresponsive to cognitive behavioural therapy. Complex underlying psychological constructs include dysfunctional schemas and maladaptive modes. This study aimed to explore people living with eating disorders’ schema modes and their identification with and understanding of their high scoring modes. Methods Sixteen women with enduring eating disorders without prior exposure to schema therapy completed the schema mode inventory for eating disorders short form (SMI-ED-SF), then participated in semi-structured interviews discussing their high scoring modes. Interviews were analysed by thematic analysis. Results All participants scored above clinical concern on at least one maladaptive mode and many scored high on multiple modes, most commonly Demanding Mode, Vulnerable Child and Detached Self-Soother. Qualitatively, four themes emerged: 1) Adverse family environments related to (a) trauma and the vulnerable and angry child and (b) unrealistically high standards; 2) Mode effects on (a) everyday life and (b) disordered eating; 3) Modes are psychologically protective in (a) avoiding emotion by detachment and soothing, (b) people pleasing by compliance and surrender; 4) Help seeking including (a) barriers to recovery from an eating disorder, (b) dissatisfaction with interventions experienced to date, (c) schema therapy as a promising alternative. Discussion Participants recognised and identified with their high scoring schema modes. After negative experiences with previous interventions, they considered schema therapy to be a promising alternative that could understand and work on their deeper psychological issues. This suggests that schema modes are a promising way of understanding and working with enduring eating disorders.

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Parental Bonding and Body Mass Index in a Female Community Sample: The Mediating Role of Eating Disorder Thoughts and Core Beliefs

Abstract: The cognitions measured here, both ED related cognitions and negative self-beliefs, may be a useful target when considering psychological treatment for women who are overweight or obese.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study

Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study

A mixed methods study of schema modes amongst people living with disordered eating

A mixed methods study of schema modes amongst people living with eating disorders

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