Parental cancer as a risk factor for nine common childhood malignancies

Hemminki, Kari; Mutanen, Pertti

doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1629

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is consistent with a previous study where the familial risks in adult and childhood nervous system tumors were equally high, but in childhood leukemia there was no familial effect. 6,36 Even though candidate genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the familial cancer aggregation. Thyroid and other endocrine cancers, which have shown the highest effects of heritability in our study, are likely to be linked to the RET gene in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2.…”

Section: Heritable Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish family‐cancer database

Czene

Lichtenstein

Hemminki

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

479

321

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The genetic and environmental components in 15 common cancers were estimated using the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in cancer liability among family members. Structural equation modeling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. Statistically significant estimates of proportion of cancer susceptibility, accounted for by genetic effects, were obtained for all studied cancers except for leukemia. The estimate was highest in thyroid cancer (53%), followed by tumors at endocrine glands (28%), testis (25%), breast (25%), cervix (22%), melanoma (21%), colon (13%), nervous system (12%), rectum (12%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10%), lung (8%), kidney (8%), urinary bladder (7%), stomach (1%) and leukemia (1%). The estimates of shared environmental effects ranged from 0% (cervix) to 15% (stomach). The childhood shared environmental effects were most important in testicular cancer (17%), stomach cancer (13%) and cervix in situ (13%). Our results indicate that environment has a principal causative role in cancer at all studied sites except for thyroid. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at some sites, on the other hand, indicates that even though susceptibility genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the genetic effects.

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Section: Heritable Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish family‐cancer database

Czene

Lichtenstein

Hemminki

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

479

321

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“…5,6 Analyses of risk for many types of childhood cancer have also been published from the Swedish Family Cancer Database. [7][8][9] There has been broad agreement that overall the risk of childhood cancer in the siblings of children with cancer is moderately increased. 2,10,11 In a population-based study in the Nordic countries, there was a small increase in the risk of cancer in siblings of all ages combined, but this was entirely accounted for by known familial cancer syndromes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Familial aggregation of childhood and adult cancer in the Utah genealogy

Neale

Stiller

Bunch

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A small proportion of childhood cancer is attributable to known hereditary syndromes, but whether there is any familial component to the remainder remains uncertain. We explored familial aggregation of cancer in a population-based case-control study using genealogical record linkage and designed to overcome limitations of previous studies. Subjects were selected from the Utah Population Database. We compared risk of cancer in adult first-degree relatives of children who were diagnosed with cancer with the risk in relatives of children who had not had a cancer diagnosed. We identified 1,894 childhood cancer cases and 3,788 controls; 7,467 relatives of cases and 14,498 relatives of controls were included in the analysis. Relatives of children with cancer had a higher risk of cancer in adulthood than relatives of children without cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.56]; this was restricted to mothers and siblings and was not evident in fathers. Familial aggregation appeared stronger among relatives of cases diagnosed before 5 years of age (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13-1.95) than among relatives of cases who were older when diagnosed (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98-1.51). These findings provide evidence of a generalized excess of cancer in the mothers and siblings of children with cancer. The tendency for risk to be higher in the relatives of children who were younger at cancer diagnosis should be investigated in other large data sets. The excesses of thyroid cancer in parents of children with cancer and of any cancer in relatives of children with leukemia merit further investigation.The causes of childhood cancer are largely unknown. A small proportion of cases are attributable to known hereditary cancer syndromes, but whether there is any familial component to the remainder remains uncertain. Understanding familial risks may help to further elucidate etiology and/or identify the need to screen family members.Little 1 reviewed much of the already extensive literature published to 1997 on aggregation of cancer among firstdegree relatives of children with cancer. Many of these studies involved a relatively small number of cases, and Little concluded that there was no strong evidence of familial risks in parents or siblings for most of the common types of childhood cancer. Since then, several large studies of cancer risk in first-degree relatives of children with cancers of all types have emerged from the Nordic countries, 2 the United Kingdom, 3 the United States 4 and Italy. 5,6 Analyses of risk for many types of childhood cancer have also been published from the Swedish Family Cancer Database. 7-9 There has been broad agreement that overall the risk of childhood cancer in the siblings of children with cancer is moderately increased. 2,10,11 In a population-based study in the Nordic countries, there was a small increase in the risk of cancer in siblings of all ages combined, but this was entirely accounted for by known familial cancer syndromes. 2 Conversely, a North American study of the siblings of 5-y...

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“…The database holds selected details of all Swedes born after 1931, and of their parents, a total of 10.2 million individuals; it has been used in many previous studies (e.g. Hemminki and Mutanen, 2001;Hemminki, 2001). Updated in early 2001, it now includes details of cancers from the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 -1998, and incidence rates can be derived that closely reproduce those recorded by that registry .…”

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confidence: 99%

A case–control study of childhood leukaemia and paternal occupational contact level in rural Sweden

2002

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In a national case -control study in Sweden, we investigated whether in rural areas (where susceptible individuals are more prevalent than in urban areas) leukaemia risk was higher among the young children of fathers with many work contacts, as the infective hypothesis has predicted. A total of 1935 cases diagnosed in 1958 -1998 together with 7736 age-matched (within 1 year) population controls (of whom 970 and 3880 respectively were aged 0 -4) were linked to paternal occupational details as recorded in the census closest to the year of birth. Applying the two classifications of occupational contact level used in a study of rural Scotland, the odds ratios for children aged 0 -4 years in the highest contact category (which includes teachers) in the most rural Swedish counties were 3.47 (95% CI 1.54, 7.85) and 1.59 (1.07, 2.38) respectively, relative to the medium and low (reference) category; no such excess was found in urban or intermediate counties. There was also a significant positive trend at ages 0 -4 in the rural counties across the three levels of increasing occupational contact (P for trend 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), but again not in the urban or intermediate counties. No such effect or trend was found at ages 5 -14 in any of the three county groupings. The findings confirm those of a recent study in rural Scotland, and also suggest that unusual population mixing (as occurred in Scotland as a result of the North Sea oil industry) is not a necessary requirement for the effect, since comparable mixing has not been a feature of rural Sweden.

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Parental cancer as a risk factor for nine common childhood malignancies

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish family‐cancer database

Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish family‐cancer database

Familial aggregation of childhood and adult cancer in the Utah genealogy

A case–control study of childhood leukaemia and paternal occupational contact level in rural Sweden

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