Parental Discipline and Early Childhood Development in Rural China

Abstract

Children who are under the age of five in underdeveloped and developing countries, including China, exhibit developmental delays due to their exposure to risks such as impoverishment, deprived health conditions, parental punishment, neglect, and poor psychosocial stimulation. Adverse experiences during the formative years of life, such as harsh parental discipline, may put them at risk for poor physical and mental well-being. The aim of this research is to explore the pervasiveness and developmental outcomes of different forms of discipline practices in the underdeveloped rural areas of China. To do this, we used cross-sectional data on child–caregiver dyads from a large survey held in 22 poor counties in the QinBa Mountain Region. The sample included 1622 children aged 12–36 months. Partakers were requested to respond to a general survey on parenting which included basic demographic questions, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE), the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III), and questions on exposure of children to different discipline practices. Our findings from OLS estimates reveal that aversive discipline methods adversely affect cognitive, language, and socio-emotional development, whereas, non-aversive discipline practices have constructive effects on cognitive, language, and motor development of children.

Pendekatan Peran Orang Tua Di Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

“…Usia dini adalah masa emas yang dimiliki setiap manusia diusia 0-8 tahun yang terjadi hanya sekali saja disetiap kehidupan manusia. Masa usia dini dikatakan masa keemasan karena dimasa itu pondasi awal dalam menentukan kompetensi manusia dimulai (Fatima et al, 2022). Artinya adalah masa usia dini sangat berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan yang terlihat dimasa-masa berikutnya (Saputri & Widyasari, 2022).…”

Karakter Disiplin Anak Usia Dini: Analisis Berdasarkan Kontribusi Pola Asuh Orang Tua

“…Memberikan nasihat dan teladan merupakan strategi yang banyak digunakan oleh orang tua untuk membentuk karakter anak (Birhan et al, 2021). Menunda waktu untuk anak dapat bermain mainan kesukaannya, memberikan time-out, dan menjelaskan alasan mengapa anak harus melakukan sikap disiplin merupakan beberapa strategi lain yang dapat diterapkan untuk menumbuhkan sikap disiplin (Fatima et al, 2022). Hal ini dilaporkan dapat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, dan motorik anak secara keseluruhan.…”

Healthy eating encouragement and socio-demographic factors associated with cognitive development among pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional evaluation in Nepal

“… 8 In developing countries, many pre-schoolers experience developmental delays due to various risk factors such as poor health conditions, a lack of care and attention, neglect and inadequate psychosocial stimulation from primary caregivers. 9 Healthy eating plays a crucial role in growing children’s maintenance of cognitive function, and deficiency of specific nutrients can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of neuronal dysfunction, including dementia in later life. 10 , 11 Healthy diet quality and encouraging environments and community resources indicate that kids can learn more efficiently.…”