Parental Education and Children’s Sleep Problems: Minorities’ Diminished Returns

Assari, Shervin

doi:10.34172/ijer.2021.06

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This aligns with previous findings that the effects of SES on stress are weaker for Black than White youth and adults [54]. These racial variations, reflecting weaker protective effects of SES, are consistent with the concept of minorities' diminished returns, also known as marginalization-related diminished returns [36,[79][80][81][82][83][84]. This supports the intersectionality of SES and race, as proposed by other scholars, and indicates that SES indicators are not comparable across racial groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth

Assari

2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background The influence of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on youth tobacco and marijuana use is recognized; however, the extent of these effects varies among different racial groups. Understanding the racial differences in the factors influencing substance use is crucial for developing tailored interventions aimed at reducing disparities in tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents. Aims This study aims to explore the differential effects of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on tobacco and marijuana use between Black and White adolescents. Methods Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this research includes a cohort of pre-youth, monitored from the age of 9–10 years for a period of up to 36 months. We examined the impact of various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and multidimensional stressors, including trauma, financial stress, racial discrimination, and family stress, alongside baseline average cortical thickness and the subsequent initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over the 36-month follow-up. Results Overall, 10,777 participants entered our analysis. This included 8263 White and 2514 Black youth. Our findings indicate significant differences in the pathways from SES indicators through stress types to cortical thickness between Black and White youths. Notably, cortical thickness’s impact on the future initiation of tobacco and marijuana use was present in both groups. Conclusion The study suggests that compared to White adolescents, Black adolescents’ substance use and associated cortical thickness are less influenced by stress and SES indicators. This discrepancy may be attributed to the compounded effects of racism, where psychosocial mechanisms might be more diminished for Black youth than White youth. These findings support the theory of Minorities’ Diminished Returns rather than the cumulative disadvantage or double jeopardy hypothesis, highlighting the need for interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth

Assari

2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…These MDRs are robust as they are observed for African American youth [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ] and adults [ 24 , 32 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], as well as middle-aged and older adults [ 58 ]. As a result of MDRs, middle- and high- SES African Americans show worse-than-expected health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Social Determinants of Mental, Physical, and Oral Health of Middle-Aged and Older African Americans in South Los Angeles

Adinkrah

Najand²,

Rahmani³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background. A growing body of research suggests that financial difficulties could weaken the protective effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators, including education and income, on the health status of marginalized communities, such as African Americans. Aim. We investigated the separate and joint effects of education, income, and financial difficulties on mental, physical, and oral self-rated health (SRH) outcomes in African American middle-aged and older adults. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 150 middle-aged and older African Americans residing in South Los Angeles. Data on demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic characteristics (education, income, and financial difficulties), and self-rated health (mental, physical, and oral health) were collected. Three linear regression models were used to analyze the data. Results. Higher education and income were associated with a lower level of financial strain in a bivariate analysis. However, according to multivariable models, only financial difficulties were associated with poor mental, physical, and oral health. As similar patterns emerged for all three health outcomes, the risk associated with financial difficulties seems robust. Conclusions. According to our multivariable models, financial strain is a more salient social determinant of health within African American communities than education and income in economically constrained urban environments such as South Los Angeles. While education and income lose some protective effects, financial strain continues to deteriorate the health of African American communities across domains.

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“…They also exist for mental [ 88 ], behavioral [ 89 , 90 ], and physical health [ 91 ], healthcare [ 92 , 93 ], and substance use [ 94 ]. While MDRs are shown for mental health [ 74 , 95 ], sleep [ 96 ], diet [ 97 ], exercise, and substance use [ 90 , 98 , 99 ], as mentioned above, these are mainly based on race in the US [ 45 , 100 ]. The unique contribution of this work is the expansion of this literature to immigration-based MDRs in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health in Europe

Siddiq

Najand²

2022

IJERPH

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The literature has established a protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators on health. However, at least in the US, these SES indicators tend to generate fewer health gains for marginalized groups including immigrants. As this literature mainly originated in the US, it is necessary to study whether these indicators similarly correlate with the health of foreign-born and native-born individuals in Europe. The current study was based on the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory and compared the effects of three SES indicators, namely parental education, own education and income, on self-rated health (SRH) of immigrant and native-born individuals. We used data from the European Social Survey 2020 (ESS 2020). Participants included 14,213 individuals who identified as either native-born (n = 9052) or foreign-born (n = 508). Education, income, and parental education were the independent variables. Self-rated health (SRH) was the outcome. Age and sex were covariates. Linear regression and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Overall, high education, income, and parental education were associated with lower odds of poor SRH. We documented a statistical interaction between immigration status and parental education, indicating a weaker inverse association between parental education and poor SRH for foreign-born than native-born individuals. The links between some but not all SES indicators vary across foreign-born and native-born individuals in Europe. Host countries seem to undervalue the parental educational attainment of foreign-born families. Future research should explore the role of time, period, cohort and country of origin as well as host country and associated policies in equalizing returns of SES indicators on the health of population subgroups. The results are important given that most studies on MDRs are developed in the US, and less is known about Europe. The results are also very important given the growing anti-immigrant sentiment and nationalist movements in Europe and the rest of the world.

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Parental Education and Children’s Sleep Problems: Minorities’ Diminished Returns

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth

Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth

Social Determinants of Mental, Physical, and Oral Health of Middle-Aged and Older African Americans in South Los Angeles

Immigration Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health in Europe

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